{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:46:51Z","timestamp":1792583211510,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE\u2010AC02\u201006CH11357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE\u2010AC02\u201006CH11357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Redox\u2010active two\u2010dimensional polymers (2DPs) are promising as electrochromic layers due to their structural order and permanent porosity. However, most 2DP electrochromic layers can only be used in binary switching, which prevents multi\u2010state optical profiles from being accessed in a single device. This challenge is in part due to the difficulty of fabricating multi\u2010layer 2DP devices in which both redox\u2010active layers can participate in electrochemically driven color switching. In this report, we show how interfacial polymerization methods can provide multilayer,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010type 2DP layers that exhibit rapid reversible optical modulation, decent coloration efficiencies (up to 101 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and high stability over 100 cycles, with both layers actively participating in electrochromic switching. In stacked devices, the 2DP layer directly contacting the gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic responses (rates, efficiencies, etc.) comparable to those of the corresponding single\u2010layer device, while the bottom\u2010buried layer shows a slight reduction in electrochromic performance. We attribute this slightly diminished performance to limitations in ion transport in the buried electrochromic layer, which are more pronounced in conventional non\u2010porous, multi\u2010layer electrochromic materials. These observations broadly suggest that multilayer semiconducting 2DPs may be useful in a range of mixed ionic\u2010electronic conductor applications, where multi\u2010state or ambipolar performance is desirable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2711697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:31:07Z","timestamp":1792582267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterostructured\n                    <i>p\u2010<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>n\u2010<\/i>\n                    type Two\u2010Dimensional Polymer Electrochromic Films for Ambipolar Multistate Optical Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Dibakar","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ani N.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M Mahmudul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8891-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swapnanil","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupam","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3273-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiana A.","family":"Treaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center For Macromolecular Science &amp; Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900129a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201050542\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c01055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm15057c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.143524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn404061g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202501015","article-title":"Smart Electrochromic Devices for Wearables","volume":"10","author":"Zhu M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Materials Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202110703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2021.06.015","article-title":"Electrochromism: An Emerging and Promising Approach in (bio)sensing Technology","volume":"50","author":"Farahmand Nejad M. 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