{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:17:03Z","timestamp":1789042623652,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1207600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1207600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22421005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22421005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production suffers from severe performance degradation caused by the precipitation of Mg\/Ca hydroxides, where OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    generated from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reacts with Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in seawater. To address this issue, we propose an innovative alternating current\u2010driven DSE (AC\u2010DSE) instead of conventional direct current\u2010driven DSE (DC\u2010DSE). Periodic polarity reversal under AC enables the same electrode to alternately function as cathode and anode, ensuring OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    from HER is promptly consumed by subsequent anodic OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010consuming reaction. This dynamic interfacial OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    modulation prevents local alkalization and precipitation. Proof\u2010of\u2010concept experiments using PtRh electrodes validated that AC\u2010DSE effectively prevents precipitation and maintains a stable current, in contrast to the rapid precipitation and performance decay observed in DC\u2010DSE. FEM simulations and experimental established the optimal AC waveform and period for effective precipitation\u2010suppressed and high Faradaic efficiency. Furthermore, by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with ethylene glycol oxidation (EGOR), a reaction typically requiring strong alkali, the AC\u2011driven local microenvironment enables efficient HER\u2011EGOR coupling in neutral seawater. Importantly, this HER\u2011EGOR coupling system eliminates H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mixing risks, lowers energy consumption and co\u2010produces value\u2011added chemicals. This work establishes AC\u2010DSE as an effective and promising route for sustainable H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production from seawater.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2829162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:55:32Z","timestamp":1789041332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial OH\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    Dynamic Modulation by Alternating Current Enables Precipitation\u2010Suppressed Direct Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Haojing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of 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China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-5368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixuan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 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