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In each cycle, Na is deposited on a foreign current collector and removed to a highly depleted state. Cell failure is governed by whether continuity can be preserved across a sequence of short\u2010lived interfacial states, including bulk coordination, interfacial desolvation, heterogeneous nucleation, metallic coalescence, Na isolation, and recurrent solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) renewal. AFSMBs are therefore better understood as dynamically reconstructed interfacial systems, where non\u2010uniformity introduced during interfacial entry can propagate through later plating and stripping. This review examines AFSMBs through three coupled stages: solvation\u2010controlled interfacial entry, current collector regulated Na reconstruction, and SEI renewal controlled by reaction\u2013pathway selectivity and mechanical coherence. Current density, stripping depth, pressure, temperature, sodium inventory, and cell architecture are treated as boundary conditions that determine whether local interfacial gains persist under practical operation. By linking coordination chemistry, metallic continuity, interphase renewal, and device\u2010level constraints, this review provides a mechanistic framework for predictive AFSMB design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.3647021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:08:11Z","timestamp":1787508491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Stage\u2010Coupled View of Interfacial Reconstruction in Anode\u2010Free Sodium Metal Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1933-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawen","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University  Changsha P. R. 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