{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:55:02Z","timestamp":1790657702800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24B20190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24B20190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22375142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22375142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Electrocatalytic reduction of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to formate offers a sustainable route for carbon utilization, converting a greenhouse gas into a valuable chemical feedstock. Although Sn\u2011based catalysts are among the most promising candidates, their formate selectivity often suffers a marked decline at ampere\u2011level current densities, and operating efficiently in various electrolytes, especially acidic media, remains a major challenge. In this work, we report a grain boundary\u2011rich sulfur (S)\u2010doped SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst that enables CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010formate electrosynthesis at ampere\u2010level current densities across alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes. The catalyst achieves formate Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 90% at 1\u00a0A\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that S doping reduces the reaction free energy change for the key *OCHO intermediate and promotes its protonation to formate. Meanwhile, S\u2011doped SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    with abundant grain boundaries facilitates the formation of an enhanced interfacial hydrogen\u2010bonding network, which promotes efficient proton transfer while suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work provides new insights into the design of high\u2010performance electrocatalysts through elemental doping and elucidates the governing role of the interfacial microenvironment in reaction activity and selectivity, offering design principles applicable to broader electrochemical syntheses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.3790761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:58:51Z","timestamp":1790654331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ampere\u2010Level CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010Formate Electrosynthesis Over Grain\u2010Boundary\u2010Rich Sulfur\u2010Doped SnO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    in Alkaline\u2013Neutral\u2013Acidic Electrolytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science &amp; Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science &amp; Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6524-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science &amp; Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University  Tianjin 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