{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:00:19Z","timestamp":1790316019218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22674060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22674060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22309050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22309050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Selectivity of electrochemical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction reaction (ECO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR) is typically pursued by optimizing immobilized catalyst films biased at constant potential, an approach referred to as \u201ccatalyst\u2010fixed electrochemistry\u201d. This architecture hinges on two variables that are difficult to tune: the electron\u2010transfer (ET) environment and local mass transport. Here we introduce a fundamentally different concept: a \u201ccatalyst\u2010fluidized electrochemistry\u201d platform, where freely suspended catalyst particles make stochastic, short\u2010lived contacts with the electrode. This dynamic system co\u2010engineers the ET duty cycle (intermittent vs. continuous) and the local proton supply (spherical\/fast vs. planar\/slow transport), transforming two traditional constraints into tunable operating parameters. Co\u2010modulating these levers and, when desired varying them independently, improves the selectivity of high\u2010value products and reveals how each steers pathway branching. Using AuCu\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles as a model catalyst, fluidization boosts 9.2\u2010fold and 2.5\u2010fold enhancement in Faradaic efficiency (FE) for ethylene (C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and formic acid (HCOOH) under high and low overpotentials, respectively, relative to the corresponding fixed\u2010film configuration. Pulsed\u2010potential emulation isolates ET intermittency, while experiments together with DFT\u2010informed microkinetic modeling indicate that increased surface proton availability further biases the reaction toward C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    formation at high overpotentials. Reaction environment programming thus emerges as a catalyst\u2010agnostic lever for reconfiguring reaction networks, complementing conventional materials design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.4221200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1790314984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Collision\u2010programmed Selectivity in CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Electrochemical Reduction via Co\u2010engineering Electron Transfer Duty Cycle and Proton Transport"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\/Biosensing and chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui\u2010Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\/Biosensing and chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010An","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\/Biosensing and chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8260-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3967-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9831-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing\u2010Hua","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University  Nanjing 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