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However, OMIECs are typically linear polymers whose excessive structural swelling and morphological disorder during electrochemical doping led to low performance and instability. Here, we report n\u2010type 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) as novel OMIECs (BTID\u2010BFDO COF and BTDD\u2010BFDO COF). The rigid \u03c0\u2010conjugated scaffold functions as both a charge transport pathway and an ion\u2010electron coupling plane, whilst the nanochannels serve as directional conduits for rapid ion transport. 2D OMIECs\u2010based OECTs exhibit favorable threshold voltages (&lt; 0.5\u00a0V), I\n                    <jats:sub>on<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/I\n                    <jats:sub>off<\/jats:sub>\n                    ratios (10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and high stability (modulation current retention rate of 91.3% during continuous operation) compared with the linear counterpart (&lt; 10%). More importantly, we elucidate the mechanism underlying in situ ion transport and doping within the rigid porous architectures of 2D OMIECs, establishing a novel design paradigm for robust n\u2010type organic semiconductors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.5032409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:10:31Z","timestamp":1788347431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Robust n\u2010Type Organic Mixed Ionic\u2010Electronic Conductors for Electrochemical Transistors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3204-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenkai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou P. R. 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Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2571-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4170-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme\u2010environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces. 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