{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:45:01Z","timestamp":1792079101156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZH 546\/8\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH 546\/8\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZH 989\/2\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH 989\/2\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA 5051\/3\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA 5051\/3\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHM 1298\/26\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHM 1298\/26\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101039802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101039802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ion transport at electrified interfaces is conventionally described by the redistribution of mobile ions to preserve local electroneutrality. Under extreme electrolyte confinement, however, this assumption fails as the characteristic transport length approaches the Debye screening length, giving rise to space\u2010charge accumulation and slow electrostatic relaxation that dominate interfacial kinetics. Here, we introduce a fixed\u2010charge\u2010selective interphase in which immobile anionic charges replace mobile electrolyte anions as the primary charge\u2010compensating species, thereby establishing a chemically encoded electrostatic boundary condition. Using a glucose\u2010derived network as a model system, we show that localized fixed charge enables cation\u2010selective transport and suppresses extended space\u2010charge layers (ESCLs) by eliminating the slow relaxation pathways. Spatiotemporal transport analysis reveals that this interphase collapses multi\u2010timescale interfacial relaxation into a unified kinetic regime. When applied to nanoliter\u2010confined electrochemical systems (45 nL), rest\u2010induced Coulombic efficiency (CE) collapse is reduced from 40% to 5%, demonstrating stabilization of electrostatic relaxation during idle periods, which is a failure mode intrinsic to microscale devices operating under duty cycles. The concept is further validated under pH\u2010coupled and oxidative\u2010stress conditions, sustaining stable operation with strong rate capability. These results define a general chemical strategy for regulating interfacial ion transport under confinement by replacing mobile charge compensation with molecularly fixed charges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.5195226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:29:27Z","timestamp":1782804567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Fixed\u2010Charge Interphase Synchronizes Ion Transport to Suppress Space\u2010Charge\u2010Driven Inefficiency Under Nanoliter Confinement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruhuai","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Department of Wood Technology and Wood\u2010based Composites University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Thrust Function Hub The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniil","family":"Karnaushenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy D.","family":"Karnaushenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5783-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Chemistry Department of Wood Technology and Wood\u2010based Composites University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver G.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5883-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minshen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Materials Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"},{"name":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology  Chemnitz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c01623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.81.061502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.102932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b00867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b01515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am503242v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-024-01484-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020131\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c02514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr5374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c02190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.01.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am403019y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma301289v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010018\u20100181\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201031429\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/s43577\u2010023\u201000651\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010021\u201000021\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202400881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adu6007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047216\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe0579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102626\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba4098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE00308A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Imaging Solid\u2013Electrolyte Interphase Dynamics Using Operando Reflection Interference Microscopy","volume":"18","author":"Feng G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Nanotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202501361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010025\u201001767\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010023\u201001257\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202501004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE03628J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.checat.2022.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010022\u201000761\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010024\u201001200\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE01341E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202412715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202310342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2752\u20105724\/ace3de"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c02449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010024\u201002064\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ00141G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp406021z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b00747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570\u2010023\u201000506\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2531938123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202401555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010024\u201001502\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ed200261w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945\u20107111\/ad9a7e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2023.233845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries5030053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA07954G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP01744D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/aab466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b02277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE01719J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c09794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010022\u201000919\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202301745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202107697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2022.101095"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.5195226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.5195226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.5195226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:53:12Z","timestamp":1792075992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.5195226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.5195226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.5195226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e5195226"}}