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However, traditional metal oxyhydroxide (MOOH) catalysts suffer from inefficient M\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/M\n                    <jats:sup>\u03b4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\u03b4\u2265 3) cycling. Herein, we report a novel ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2500MOOH interfacial synergy in electrocatalytic reaction, achieved by modifying traditional MOOH materials with ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a dynamic electronic regulator for efficient oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes. The ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    clusters are reduced to lower\u2010valent suboxides (ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) during the Ni\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2192Ni\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    process. The formed ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    enhances the adsorption of the 5\u2010hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (aldehyde C\u2500O) and OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and enables faster charge transfer with more NiOOH species participating in the Ni\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ni\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    redox by modulating the charge density on Ni. The ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2500NiOOH\u2010catalyzed HER\/\/HMFOR process achieves stable 2,5\u2010furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) yield and Faradaic efficiency (&gt;95%) over 24 consecutive electrolytic cycles. When applied to a flowing HMFOR system (\u223c1 A\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1.50\u00a0V, 200\u00a0mM), the overall FDCA yield reaches 90%. Technical\u2010economic analysis (TEA) demonstrates the economic viability of the system. This work reveals biphasic evolution behavior of catalyst interface, providing a new design paradigm for electrocatalysts in the efficient upgrading of alcohols and aldehydes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.5266205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:42:21Z","timestamp":1792118541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic ZrO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    Clusters Enhanced Redox Couple and \u2500CHO\/OH\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    Co\u2010Adsorption for Efficient Electrooxidation of Alcohols\/Aldehydes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8043-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuke","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunchao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"},{"name":"Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High\u2010valued Technologies for Biomass Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High\u2010valued Utilization for Biomass Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianhai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University  Xiamen China"},{"name":"Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High\u2010valued Technologies for Biomass Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High\u2010valued Utilization for Biomass Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010025\u201001374\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007446\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2023.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c06577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.125439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c02570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202401449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202514438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c06049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202413951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202511448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201806298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.125331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202311696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202309478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.4762494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202522272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE05745G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202525813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202413298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202503841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.022.202201930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adw7100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c00763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2026.167987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202518256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c08863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2026.102545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.126855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202502065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557\u2010025\u201001942\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010026\u201070604\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.9899468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202304852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202404594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c00726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c17193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202502368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2021.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c04372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2023.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4im00081a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2024.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publish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