{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:00:41Z","timestamp":1790755241427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52536009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52536009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2412063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2412063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52272229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52272229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFF0502000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0502000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013317","name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202302090301004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302090301004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015668","name":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) have been widely studied as active sites for light\u2010assisted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation, while most efforts have focused on cation engineering to tune the Lewis acidity of metal centers, leaving the Lewis\u2010basic component less directly controlled. Here, we report an anion engineering strategy based on nitridation to prepare nitrogen\u2010doped, non\u2010stoichiometric spinel zinc gallium oxide catalysts for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation to methanol. Nitrogen incorporation modifies the local anion coordination environment, promotes oxygen vacancy formation, and reconstructs the coordination structure around Ga sites, thereby generating defect\u2010associated Ga\u2013O\/N Lewis acid\u2013base pairs that favor heterolytic H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    splitting. Nitridation also narrows the band gap and introduces localized electronic states, leading to improved light absorption. As a result, the optimized catalyst achieves a methanol production rate of 1203.7\u00a0\u00b5mol h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    with enhanced methanol selectivity and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) under illumination. This work demonstrates that anion engineering provides an effective route to regulate oxide SFLPs and promote light\u2010assisted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation to methanol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.5899106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:39:07Z","timestamp":1790753947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anion Engineering of Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Light\u2010Assisted CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Hydrogenation to Methanol"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University  Anyang Henan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6928-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqian","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Xi'an International University  Xi'an P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang\u2010Fan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Advanced Energy Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul N.","family":"Duchesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"MacNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeshu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rare Earth Materials and Chemistry Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ganzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rare Earth Materials and Chemistry Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ganzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6860-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan Shanxi P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingda","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1480-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5799-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangming","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8505-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios A.","family":"Tountas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8169-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhe","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maochang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandra Veer","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow University  Suzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengwei","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7927-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Ozin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201065560\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2013.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enchem.2024.100130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010024\u201001541\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020064\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c12985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c07349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c03806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201029970\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.119639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201029222\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE01124J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016336\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c02120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Facts About Gallium. (2017) https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/29476\u2010gallium.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201067269\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2007.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2007.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR05072D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b01776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010022\u201000871\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201705002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201005542\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b05410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030344\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.156736"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010021\u201000795\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2015.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp901034t"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am5051907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b00058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.2002.3734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c01579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B405298F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c05410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201037631\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202219299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033217\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2185627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100135a014"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.5899106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.5899106","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.5899106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:39:09Z","timestamp":1790753949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.5899106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.5899106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.5899106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e5899106"}}