{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:08:58Z","timestamp":1789031338749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["534252704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["534252704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["580405\u201322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["580405\u201322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monovalent\u2010divalent ion separation remains a significant challenge for the selective recovery of ions from aqueous solutions. Here, we report a hierarchical membrane composed of a poly(ionic liquid) photo\u2010grafted onto a carbon nitride thin film supported on porous anodic aluminum oxide. Under concentration gradient\u2010driven natural diffusion, the membrane establishes a baseline level of monovalent\u2010divalent selectivity. However, upon application of light and bias as external stimuli, the hierarchical membrane enables light\u2010assisted modulation of ion transport, resulting in a significant increase in monovalent\u2010divalent selectivity by over 200 times for Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and over 500 times for K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Ion selectivity arises from hydration\u2010dependent mobility and electrostatic confinement within charged nanochannels. This work establishes a simple method to prepare hierarchical membranes for dynamically regulating ion transport and provides design principles for advanced monovalent\u2010divalent ion separation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.7341167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:31:33Z","timestamp":1789029093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical Membrane for Photoelectrostatically Gated Monovalent\u2010Divalent Ion Separation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enis O\u011fuzhan","family":"Eren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1668-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4181-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Giusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00382E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/apxr.202300016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA02412K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2020.122640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00688H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202416200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008140\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201102056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613\u2010022\u20102544\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2022.115611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017\u2010022\u201000387\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2011.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j150579a011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz7696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44286\u2010025\u201000312\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201046887\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201061336\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221\u2010024\u201000379\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2022.116205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2025.118623"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"2677","article-title":"Vinasse Processing by Electrodialysis Combined With Nanofiltration: Emphasis on Process Optimization and Environmental Sustainability","volume":"88","author":"Duarte F. 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