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Here, we report multiphase DNA\u2013RNA artificial cells (ACs) that embed functional RNA condensates as organelle\u2010like compartments within programmable DNA core\u2013shell ACs. A single thermal assembly protocol yields three\u2010phase ACs comprising a glassy RNA core organelle embedded in a liquid\u2010like DNA compartment, surrounded by a crosslinked DNA shell. The RNA organelles contain aptamer function, enabling selective protein recruitment and small\u2010molecule activation, while the DNA scaffold provides independent addressability, modulates RNA\u2010condensate size, and enhances resistance to serum\u2010mediated degradation. We further show that RNA chemistry can be used to adjust environmental responsiveness: unmodified RNA organelles undergo rapid degradation in serum and release captured protein cargo, whereas 2\u2032\u2010fluoro\u2010modified RNA organelles remain stable for at least 24\u00a0h. Finally, by coupling transcriptional modules localized in the DNA core to cell\u2010free protein translation in the surrounding medium, we establish sender\u2013receiver communication between AC populations and self\u2010actuating signal processing within individual DNA\u2013RNA ACs. These results establish hybrid nucleic\u2010acid ACs as programmable, spatially organized systems that couple compartment architecture, RNA molecular recognition, and biochemical communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.7802784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:59:51Z","timestamp":1791622791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RNA Organelles in DNA\u2010Based Artificial Cells Provide Spatial Aptamer Functions and Enhanced Signal Processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3596-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vonk\u2010de Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life\u2010Like Materials and Systems University of Mainz  Mainz 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