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By utilizing light energy to activate the C\u2500H bond under mild conditions, photocatalysis effectively prevents the overoxidation of the target compound, thereby alleviating the long\u2010standing trade\u2010off between activity and selectivity imposed by thermodynamic constraints. A deep understanding of the reaction mechanism underlying photocatalytic CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    conversion to carbonyl compounds is therefore a prerequisite for designing high\u2010performance photocatalytic systems; yet, this topic remains unexplored to date. In this review, we systematically discuss diverse reaction pathways from CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    to C1 and C2 carbonyl compounds and summarize a comprehensive toolbox for mechanistic investigation, including basic characterizations, in situ spectroscopies, necessary control experiments, probing and trapping experiments, isotope labelling, and theoretical calculations. We then assess recent advances in catalytic systems and identify the key factors governing carbonyl formation, selectivity, and productivity. Finally, we highlight the central challenges that remain for practical implementation, particularly regarding catalyst performance, rational reaction system design, efficient product separation, and possible cascade reactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.8791328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:28:26Z","timestamp":1779812906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photocatalytic Methane Oxidation to Carbonyl Products"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Siyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University  Changsha P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. 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