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By employing highly basic conditions generated from addition of a certain amount of KOH (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., the \u201cdirt\u201d) to the water, aminations take place quickly. This \u201con dirty water\u201d approach also provides the needed base, further simplifying reactions. The viscosity of the KOH\/water (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., 30% KOH) presumably prevents dissolution of the organic coupling partners; hence, base\u2010sensitive groups (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., esters, nitriles, etc.) are readily accommodated, thereby broadening the scope of this process. Recycling of this highly basic medium is also illustrated, resulting in a very low complete E\u2010Factor. Several comparisons with recent literature routes are made using not only Pd catalysis, but also with aminations based on earth\u2010abundant metals such as Ni and Cu, which tend to be carried out in various organic solvents. Water\u2010based sequences are also shown, including chemoenzymatic catalysis. Prospects for extending this discovery to several other types of valuable bond formations in synthetic chemistry are also presented,\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.9297515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:11:51Z","timestamp":1782475911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sustainable Pd\u2010Catalyzed Aminations \u201con\n                    <i>Dirty<\/i>\n                    Water\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Erfan","family":"Oftadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylee Dismuke","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Lipshutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20107037(95)00054\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC06000C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00546a048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200462883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr800448q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200603378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5GC01441G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory Where do acid\u2010sulfate hot springs come from and why are they important? U.S. Geological Survey 17 Jan 2021 https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/observatories\/yvo\/news\/where\u2010do\u2010acid\u2010sulfate\u2010hot\u2010springs\u2010come\u2010and\u2010why\u2010are\u2010they\u2010important(accessed13 Jan 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"D.Foley R. O.Fournier H. P.Heasler et\u00a0al. 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