{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:14:19Z","timestamp":1783437259393,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2434152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2434152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"U.S. Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P116H240025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P116H240025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aqueous multivalent metal batteries (AMMBs) hold great promise for non\u2010flammable, cost\u2010effective, and scalable energy storage. However, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has severely plagued the metal plating efficiency and calendar life, particularly under realistic stress conditions, including low current densities, extended storage periods, and harsh temperatures. Herein, we leverage the inherent HER resistance of cadmium metal and the water\u2010confining solvation structures of concentrated electrolytes to synergistically tackle the HER challenge, and we successfully demonstrated ultrahigh\u2010efficiency and long\u2010calendar\u2010life cadmium metal batteries under strict conditions (0.1\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 99.75% efficiency, 21.4 months\u2019 life). Even under extreme conditions, such as ultralow current (0.01\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), long rest periods (up to 60 days), and wide temperature ranges (\u221250\u00b0C to +80\u00b0C), Cd maintains a high efficiency of 90%\u201399.9%. In stark contrast, zinc suffers from drastic performance degradation and loses 27%\u201373% efficiency. The superior performance is correlated with the distinct solvation structure in the concentrated electrolyte, which transforms the hydration form of Cd\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cations and strengthens water molecules via a strong cation\u2010coordination effect. Our work establishes a new benchmark for AMMBs and highlights the decisive role of electrode selection and electrolyte design in advancing AMMB performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.9382429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:37:02Z","timestamp":1778485022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrahigh\u2010Efficiency and Long\u2010Calendar\u2010Life Aqueous Cadmium Metal Batteries Under Extremely Harsh Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Songyang","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linguo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica Del","family":"Valle\u2010Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Fernando Florez","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisandro","family":"Cunci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Morell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongfang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University AI for Science Institute Cornell University  Ithaca USA"},{"name":"College of Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca USA"},{"name":"Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University AI for Science Institute Cornell University  Ithaca USA"},{"name":"College of Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca USA"},{"name":"Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico\u2010Rio Piedras Campus  San Juan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010023\u201001355\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c04347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba4098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201023209\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202102707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aak9991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010018\u20100063\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC07730D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201900911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201902422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.2c00293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.020.202000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202305368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201027313\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202206471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE01679J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201905873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202205472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201905875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c03861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE01615G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201060740\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE06091A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA01484B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020170\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bte2.20230016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2022.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202502279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843\u2010023\u20102630\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202407342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR02905D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010022\u201001028\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202105756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202103231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202401479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01257-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010023\u201001092\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE00925D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039947\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202423531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE00485C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b07763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"Bard A. J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE02526J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE02356A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100290v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnl2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.8828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704\u2010018\u20102528\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","unstructured":"\u201cPrices of Chemical Elements \u201dWikipedia last modified May 5 2026 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prices_of_chemical_elements."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Kirk\u2010Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology","author":"Morrow H.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00206810009465091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20100728(72)80485\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","volume-title":"Quantitative Chemical Analysis","author":"Harris D. C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp973037n"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012364919467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100011a055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp412804d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60293a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.7b00245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE04358D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2020.100577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2025.101944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b00617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918\u2010020\u201000088\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries5040068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X16633773"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.9382429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.9382429","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/anie.9382429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.9382429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:23:19Z","timestamp":1783434199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.9382429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.9382429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.9382429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9382429"}}