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To determine the etiology of this impairment, we studied 103 female C3H\u2010A<jats:sup>vy<\/jats:sup> mice that were fed RAc in daily doses of 75\u2013300 \u03bcg or placebo and were killed after 3\u201316 months. Whole\u2010body radiographs and histologic sections of the hindlimbs were scored for presence and severity of arthritis. C3H\u2010A<jats:sup>vy<\/jats:sup> mice treated with RAc in any dose had a significantly higher incidence of arthritis than placebo\u2010treated mice. Histologic evidence of enthesopathic disease closely paralleled the radiographic changes and ranged from small enthesophytes at tendinous and capsular insertions to complete periarticular bony bridging. Articular cartilage was not grossly affected. The incidence and severity of arthritis were significantly correlated with the total dose of RAc administered. The bony metaplasia induced by RAc was similar to the pathologic changes caused by other retinoids. This model may be useful for studying the pathogenesis of periarticular bone formation in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and related syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T23:14:03Z","timestamp":1171494843000},"page":"625-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retinyl acetate\u2013induced arthritis in C3H\u2010A<sup>vy<\/sup> mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Boden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panos A.","family":"Labropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Ragsdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro M.","family":"Gullino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn H.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1161","article-title":"C3H\u2010Avy mice: a high hepatoma and high mammary tumor strain of mice","volume":"40","author":"Heston WE","year":"1968","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Vitamin A and vitamin A acid in the prophylaxis and therapy of epithelial tumors","volume":"40","author":"Bollag W","year":"1970","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1332","article-title":"Prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by vitamin A and its synthetic analogs","volume":"35","author":"Sporn MB","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"655","article-title":"Effect of retinyl acetate on the incidence of mammary carcinomas and hepatomas in mice","volume":"64","author":"Maiorana A","year":"1980","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198404193101605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)70097-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2061171a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(54)90281-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/15.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and excess: relation to skeletal growth","volume":"29","author":"Wolback SB","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80329-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198601000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198304283081707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.5.979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00355561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Cortical hyperostosis and enthesopathy due to long\u2010term etretinate administration","volume":"55","author":"Guit GL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diagn Imaging Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198611063151901"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Chronic poisoning due to excess of vitamin A","volume":"65","author":"Caffey J","year":"1951","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092140214"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Proteoglycan synthesis by sternal chondrocytes perturbed with vitamin A","volume":"63","author":"Vasan NS","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-6-2933"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; 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