{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:36:20Z","timestamp":1774262180186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5943,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In reactive arthritis (ReA), including Reiter's syndrome, a close relationship between chronic enteric and genitourinary infections and the clinical features of enthesitis has been described. In contrast, in Lyme arthritis, a distinct clinical entity, chronic infection with the tick\u2010transmitted spirochete <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> has been associated with the disease. In a prospective study, 51 patients with ReA were tested for evidence of chlamydial and spirochetal infection. The presence of <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> was determined by culture in 8 patients, and 7 additional patients had markedly elevated antibody titers. In 9 patients, antibodies specific to <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> were found. Purified peripheral blood T lymphocytes of all 9 patients proliferated specifically to stimulation with macrophages pre\u2010pulsed with <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> antigens. Compared with other protein antigens, higher numbers of antigen\u2010pulsed macrophages were necessary to activate <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\u2013specific T cells. Although antibody titers decreased in response to antibiotic treatment in 8 of 9 patients, second\u2010line therapy with sulfasalazine or methotrexate was required to obtain clinical remission. These data suggest that chronic infection with <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> can cause ReA. In predisposed individuals, the arthritogenic immune response might be triggered by persisting infectious agents independent of their antigenic specificities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T23:10:29Z","timestamp":1171494629000},"page":"1057-1064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Immune responses to <i>borrelia burgdorferi<\/i> in patients with reactive arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"Weyand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg J.","family":"Goronzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1985.tb01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1985.tb01135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6113.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Pathology of the spondylarthropathies, Spondylarthropathies","author":"Bywaters EGL","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91091-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-122-31113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91910-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-6-896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.1.3964949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Lyme arthritis: spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions","volume":"118","author":"Johnston YE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-6-798"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240612"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02900430001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290609"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197802232980805"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-76"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-1-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"S98","article-title":"Association of chronic Lyme arthritis with increased frequencies of DR4 and 3 (abstract)","volume":"31","author":"Steere AC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"The specificity of synovial mononuclear cells to microbiological antigens in Reiter's syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ford DK","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198504043121401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"HLA\u2010B27 related arthritis and bowel inflammation. 1. Sulfasalazine (salazopyrin) in HLA\u2010B27 related reactive arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Mielants H","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fanr.1780320902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anr.1780320902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T07:17:04Z","timestamp":1700723824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anr.1780320902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anr.1780320902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr.1780320902","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3591","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-0131","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}}}