{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:34:57Z","timestamp":1784666097506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010flow nasal oxygen is increasingly used in complex head and neck surgical procedures and difficult airway management. We describe a case where an operating room fire occurred while using high\u2010flow nasal oxygen during an awake tracheostomy for an obese patient in airway extremis due to supraglottitis. Shortly after the operation began, and before incision of the trachea, electrical diathermy applied to bleeding sub\u2010cutaneous vessels ignited a small flame. This was extinguished without harm to the patient and the procedure was completed without further complication. Fire requires three components: fuel; heat; and an oxidiser. We speculate that high\u2010flow oxygen channelled under the drapes and acted as the oxidiser; either tissue eschar or vapourised fat were the fuel; and the diathermy supplied a source of ignition to complete the fire triad. When using high flows of concentrated oxygen, practitioners should aim to minimise all of these factors and be alert for the risk of fire at every stage of the operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anr3.12038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T06:58:25Z","timestamp":1584946705000},"page":"25-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Airway fire during awake tracheostomy using high\u2010flow nasal oxygen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"T. R. P.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ricciardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Use of THRIVE to maintain oxygenation during the management of an anticipated difficult airway and emergency tracheostomy","volume":"2","author":"Thurairatnam R","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Head and Neck Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"High flow nasal oxygen and fire risk \u2010 cautionary note on device usage","author":"Greenland K","year":"2018","journal-title":"ANZCA Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Safe use of high\u2010flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) with special reference to difficult airway management and fire risk","volume":"33","author":"Cooper J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Newsletter \u2010 The Official Journal of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13873"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20396"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI).Ignition of debris on active electrosurgical electrodes.2019.http:\/\/www.mdsr.ecri.org\/summary\/detail.aspx?doc_id=8298(accessed 25\/01\/2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"Airway fire during tracheostomy: prevention strategies for surgeons and anaesthetists","volume":"83","author":"Rogers ML","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"CooperJ.Anesthesiology thermal injury.2014.https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FjA3dEyutt4(accessed 25\/06\/2019)."}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anr3.12038","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anr3.12038","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anr3.12038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:37:53Z","timestamp":1759923473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anr3.12038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anr3.12038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr3.12038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2637-3726","2637-3726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2637-3726","type":"print"},{"value":"2637-3726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}