{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:45:27Z","timestamp":1791776727795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":102,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heat and moisture exchange filters are routinely used in anaesthesia to provide passive humidification and protect the breathing circuit. We report a case of a 3\u2010year\u2010old patient where a complete circuit obstruction due to a defective heat and moisture exchange filter occurred. This resulted in a total inability to ventilate the patient's lungs, initially attributed to bronchospasm, followed by the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Manufacturing defects resulting in such critical incidents are rare but remain an important potential differential when managing difficulty in ventilation. This incident underscores the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for equipment malfunction when difficulty in ventilation arises, even in the presence of plausible clinical causes. Automated anaesthetic machine checks do not assess circuit patency; therefore, manual verification, such as the two\u2010bag test, remains essential following any circuit change. This case also illustrates how human factors and system gaps can align to permit equipment defects to reach the patient, while effective teamwork and crisis management can help to mitigate harm. Routine inclusion of circuit patency testing, simulation\u2010based training and rigorous manufacturing quality control are suggested for preventing recurrence and enhancing patient safety in anaesthetic practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anr3.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:05:47Z","timestamp":1791774347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complete ventilation failure due to a defective heat and moisture exchange filter*"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Csanyi\u2010Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics The University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4954-5.00009-7","volume-title":"Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment (Fourth Edition)","author":"Al\u2010Shaikh B","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539\u2010199704000\u201000051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539\u2010199607000\u201000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200403000\u201000054"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1658\u2010354X.121076"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aat.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970\u20109185.94902"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2012.07163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110616"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anr3.70114","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anr3.70114","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anr3.70114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:05:50Z","timestamp":1791774350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anr3.70114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anr3.70114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr3.70114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2637-3726","2637-3726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2637-3726","type":"print"},{"value":"2637-3726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70114"}}