{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T19:09:21Z","timestamp":1767035361316,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analytical Science Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture necessitates sensitive and sustainable methods to monitor their residues in environmental waters. This study reports the development and optimization of a dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (DLLME) method combined with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC\u2013DAD) for the simultaneous determination of multiclass pesticides (metalaxyl, benalaxyl, chlorpyrifos, endrin, 4,4\u2032\u2010DDT and bifenthrin). Key extraction variables\u2014including the type and volume of extraction\/disperser solvents, pH, salt addition and vortex speed\/time\u2014were systematically evaluated. The optimized method employed tetrachloroethylene as the extraction solvent, acetonitrile as the disperser, pH 7, 3% w\/v NaCl, a vortex speed of 1200\u00a0rpm and an extraction time of 80 s. Under these conditions, excellent enrichment factors, recoveries (87%\u2013108%) and precision (intradays: 2.8%\u20138.6%; interday: 4.2%\u20138.6%) were achieved. The correlation coefficients (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) exceeded 0.9977, and the limits of detection ranged from 0.3 to 1.3\u00a0\u00b5g\/L. Compared to conventional extraction techniques, the proposed DLLME method provides faster analysis and uses less solvent. This approach provides a robust, sensitive and environmentally friendly alternative for monitoring multiclass pesticide residues in diverse water matrices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ansa.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1761244168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Optimization of a Dispersive Liquid\u2013Liquid Microextraction Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Environmental Waters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bezuayehu Tadesse","family":"Negussie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science Engineering and Technology Science Campus University of South Africa  Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simiso","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science Engineering and Technology Science Campus University of South Africa  Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nindi Mathew","family":"Muzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science Engineering and Technology Science Campus University of South Africa  Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmamaw","family":"Tesfaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan 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