{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:51:45Z","timestamp":1780714305313,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1560169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1560169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Plant Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Morphometric analysis is a common approach for comparing and categorizing botanical samples; however, completing a suite of analyses using existing tools may require a multi\u2010stage, multi\u2010program process. To facilitate streamlined analysis within a single program, Morphological Analysis of Size and Shape (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for leaves was developed. Its utility is demonstrated using exemplar leaf samples from\n                      <jats:italic>Acer saccharum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Malus domestica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Lithospermum<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exemplar samples were obtained from across a single tree (\n                      <jats:italic>Acer saccharum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), three trees in the same species (\n                      <jats:italic>Malus domestica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and online, digitized herbarium specimens (\n                      <jats:italic>Lithospermum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was used to complete simple geometric measurements of samples, such as length and area, as well as geometric morphological analyses including elliptical Fourier and Procrustes analyses. Principal component analysis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) of data was also completed within the same program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is capable of making desired measurements and analyzing traditional morphometric data as well as landmark and outline data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , differences were observed among leaves of the three studied taxa, but only in\n                      <jats:italic>Malus domestica<\/jats:italic>\n                      were differences statistically significant or correlated with other morphological features. In the\u00a0future,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      could be applied for analysis of other two\u2010dimensional organs and structures.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MASS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is available for download at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gillianlynnryan\/MASS\">https:\/\/github.com\/gillianlynnryan\/MASS<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T12:13:41Z","timestamp":1568895221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Morphological Analysis of Size and Shape (\n                    <scp>MASS<\/scp>\n                    ): An integrative software program for morphometric analyses of leaves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tya S.","family":"Chuanromanee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Kettering University 1700 University Avenue Flint Michigan 48532 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James I.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology Kettering University 1700 University Avenue Flint Michigan 48532 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7354-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Kettering University 1700 University Avenue Flint Michigan 48532 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"A field comes of age: Geometric morphometrics in the 21st century","volume":"24","author":"Adams D. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hystrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Adams D. C. M.Collyer A.Kaliontzopoulou andE.Sherratt.2016.geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1051.1994.tb00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcl191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v056.i13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Morphological analysis of Sky Island populations of Macromeria viridiflora (Boraginaceae)","volume":"27","author":"Boyd A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Systematic Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giw008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3417\/2011067"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Foliar morphometric study of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira R. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1600\/036364406777585739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcv194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/93.5.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.295.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-016-0539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(82)90034-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"Manurung A.2016.Elliptic Fourier for shape analysis. Websitehttps:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/32800-elliptic-fourier-for-shape-analysis?s_txml:id=prof_contriblnk[accessed 6 July 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Monographic plant systematics: Fundamental assessment of plant biodiversity","author":"Marhold K.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"MATLAB.2018.9.5.0 (R2018b) edn.The Mathworks Inc. Natick Massachusetts USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The tps series of software","volume":"26","author":"Rohlf F. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hystrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1500394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.1204"}],"container-title":["Applications in Plant Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aps3.11288","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aps3.11288","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aps3.11288","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aps3.11288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:15:37Z","timestamp":1761743737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aps3.11288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aps3.11288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aps3.11288","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-0450","2168-0450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-0450","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-0450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e11288"}}