{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:06:00Z","timestamp":1790715960760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Plant Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the flower visitation history of individual pollinators is key in the study of pollination networks, but direct tracking is labor intensive and, more important, does not capture information about the previous interactions of an individual. Therefore, a protocol to detect most of the pollen species on the body surfaces of an individual pollinator could elucidate its flower visitation history.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under a microscope, we observed 6.0\u2010\u00b5L droplets from a sample solution (1.0 or 3.0 mL) containing pollen grains collected from individuals of six major pollinator functional groups. To clarify how many droplets need to be observed to detect all pollen species within the solution, we examined up to 10 droplets collected from each individual insect. Sample\u2010based rarefaction curve analyses of the data showed that we could detect ~90% of the pollen species and the plant\u2013pollinator links in the networks by observing six droplets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rarefaction curve analysis for pollen\u2010on\u2010pollinator studies is a useful preliminary step for minimizing the time and labor required while maximizing the data on the flower visitation history of each individual pollinator and revealing any hidden flower\u2013pollinator interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T04:11:39Z","timestamp":1614399099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of sampling effort required to assess pollen species richness on pollinators using rarefaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1821-7393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoi","family":"Nikkeshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biodiversity Institute for Agro\u2010environmental Science NARO 3\u20101\u20103, Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108604 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Shimoshinjo\u2010Nakano Akita 010\u20100195 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2316-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayoshi K.","family":"Hiraiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Hyogo 657\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2051-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atushi","family":"Ushimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe Hyogo 657\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7654-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Hoshizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Shimoshinjo\u2010Nakano Akita 010\u20100195 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Shimoshinjo\u2010Nakano Akita 010\u20100195 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7390-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inoue","family":"Mizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University 3\u201025\u201040 Sakurajousui Setagaya\u2010ku Tokyo 156\u20108550 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2009.17694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307438110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0133.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00936515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Hsieh T. 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