{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:28:48Z","timestamp":1790436528461,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Plant Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluorescence microscopy is an effective tool for viewing plant internal anatomy. However, using fluorescent antibodies or labels hinders throughput. We present a minimal protocol that takes advantage of inherent autofluorescence and aldehyde\u2010induced fluorescence in plant cellular and subcellular structures to markedly increase throughput in cellular and ultrastructural visualization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve species distributed across the plant phylogeny were each subjected to five fixative treatments: 1% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde, formalin\u2010acid\u2010alcohol (FAA), and 70% ethanol. Samples were prepared by embedding and mechanically sectioning or via whole mount. A confocal laser scanning system was used to collect micrographs. We evaluated and compared fixative influence on sample structural preservation and tissue autofluorescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formaldehyde fixation of Viridiplantae taxa samples generates useful structural data while requiring no additional histological staining or clearing. In addition, a fluorescence\u2010capable microscope is the only specialized equipment required for image acquisition. The minimal protocol developed in this experiment enables high\u2010throughput sample processing by eliminating the need for multi\u2010day preparations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T06:46:16Z","timestamp":1625208376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Algae to angiosperms: Autofluorescence for rapid visualization of plant anatomy among diverse taxa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Pegg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Botany Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5721-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Gladish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Botany Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Botany Miami University Oxford Ohio 45056 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.5905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-016-0957-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-017-3001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.5006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520290701713981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.245.4916.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-00000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Live cell imaging: A laboratory manual","author":"Fang Y.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/33.8.3894502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2015.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/259508a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-017-0403-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.651679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2014.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36112-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-018-0791-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1693-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-018-0367-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aps3.11347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-282-3_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200805507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2020.100036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/gix092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3156813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/124672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"Plant microtechnique and microscopy","author":"Ruzin S. 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