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Extensions of the pelvis pass between the medullary (MP) and vascular (VP) processes almost to the corticomedullary border. The MPs contain an IM and an outer medulla (OM) containing clusters of capillaries (vascular bundles). The VPs contain the interlobar arteries and veins. All of the IM and almost all of the OM, with its vascular bundles, are bathed with pelvic urine. The cortex comprises 63% of the parenchyma. The OM has nine times the mass of the IM. The IM comprises 4% of the parenchyma. The ratio of mass of the adult cortex to the medulla is 1.7:1.0, and the number of glomeruli per kidney is 6.6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>. Glomerular mass is 6.2\u20136.7% of renal mass in the adult and 5.2% in the 6\u2010month\u2010old calf. The dimensions of the glomerular capsules are the same across the thickness of the cortex. Every terminal collecting duct drains an estimated 1,650 nephrons. In the adult giraffe the ratio of thickness of the muscularis of the main renal artery (RA) to its diameter is 0.117 (right RA) and 0.132 (left RA). These ratios are close to those in rhinoceros and ox but greater than in man. The visceral arteries (celiac, anterior mesenteric, and renal) have about the same muscularis : diameter ratio. Giraffes have arterial hypertension, but atherosclerosis is apparently absent and serum lipid fractions are low. Anat Rec 267:94\u2013111, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:46:56Z","timestamp":1030319216000},"page":"94-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Kidney of giraffes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"267","author":[{"given":"N.S.R.","family":"Maluf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der Halsmuskeln und Halsnerven von Giraffa camelopardalis (L)","volume":"177","author":"Angermeyer M","year":"1966","journal-title":"Zool Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The carotid sinus and the cerebral circulation","author":"Ask\u2010Upmark E","year":"1935","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of animal evolution","author":"Berry RJ","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"M\u00e9moire pour servir \u00e0 l'histoire des reins","author":"Bertin J\u2010E","year":"1744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"The structure of renal connective tissue in the dog and its relationship to the renal vessels and nerve fibers","volume":"5","author":"Dole\u017eel S","year":"1957","journal-title":"\u010ceskoslov Morf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000144480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"410","article-title":"\u00dcber den sogenannten Nervus laryngeus inferior des Lamas (Auchenia \n                  lama)","volume":"42","author":"Elze C","year":"1912","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"The blood vessels of the kidney","author":"Fourman J","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1960.40.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"Scientific safari: the circulation of the giraffe","volume":"39","author":"Goetz RH","year":"1955","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331975700800609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.8.5.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"The ureter and arterial blood supply to the kidney of the camel (Camelus \n                  bactrianus)","volume":"100","author":"Grahame T","year":"1944","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Die Sinusreflexe vom Sinus caroticus werden durch einen Nerven (Sinusnerv) vermittelt, der ein Ast des Nervus glossopharyngeus ist. 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