{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:05Z","timestamp":1786977065037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The role of the gubernaculum during the inguino\u2010scrotal phase of testicular descent remains controversial. Some authors propose involution and eversion while others suggest active migration, although the site of growth is unknown. We aimed to determine whether the gubernacular bulb is actively proliferating or regressing during inguino\u2010scrotal testicular descent in the rat. Gubernacula were removed from Sprague\u2010Dawley rats and congenitally\u2010cryptorchid TS mutant rats. Animals (0, 3, 7, 10, and 11 days of age) were treated with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) 2 hr before they were killed. BUdR incorporation into newly synthesized DNA served as a marker of cell division. The gubernacula were histologically processed for hematoxylin\u2010eosin (H&amp;E) and immunoperoxidase staining. Four different areas within the gubernaculum were examined for BUdR\u2010positive cells: area 1:\n                    <jats:italic>plica gubernaculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (cord); area 2:\n                    <jats:italic>pars infravaginalis gubernaculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (bulb); area 3: distal part of the cremaster muscle; and area 4: proximal part of the cremaster muscle. The rate of cell division for each of these areas was determined by counting the number of BUdR\u2010positive cells per 100 cells. The highest rate of BUdR labeling in both types of rats was in area 2, which is the tip of the gubernacular bulb, and this was significantly greater (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) than in the gubernacular cord or developing cremaster muscle. The mitotic activity was also noted to be significantly greater (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) at the distal end of the cremaster muscle than at the proximal end. The amount of mitosis decreased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) in areas 2 and 4 of the gubernaculum in Sprague\u2010Dawley rats across the period studied. This trend was not observed in TS rats. Our results suggest that the bulb actively proliferates after birth, with possible differentiation into new cremaster muscle cells. We propose that the bulb is the growing end of the elongating gubernaculum, analogous to the growth of a limb bud. Anat Rec 267:159\u2013165, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,27]],"date-time":"2004-10-27T06:39:48Z","timestamp":1098859188000},"page":"159-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Role of the gubernacular bulb in cremaster muscle development of the rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"267","author":[{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Hrabovszky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naja Di","family":"Pilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"The natural history of testicular descent and maldescent","volume":"59","author":"Backhouse KM","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80272-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-198910000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)53655-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-2-727"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35554-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49163-4","article-title":"The gubernaculum during testicular descent in the pig fetus","volume":"133","author":"Heyns CF","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90309-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(00)80022-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66594-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-1-383"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-3-270"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"The mechanism of testicular descent","volume":"232","author":"Hutson JM","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust Paediatr J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.18.2.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(93)90204-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199802)250:2<159::AID-AR5>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/10364"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90721-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Observations on the gubernaculum during the descent of the testis","volume":"16","author":"Radhakrishnan J","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092360214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Towards a rational terminology in the study of the gubernaculum testis: arguments in support of the notion that the cremasteric sac should be considered the gubernaculum in postnatal rats and other mammals","volume":"189","author":"Van der Schoot P","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32708-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.4.1407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67148-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2280001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092140208"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Normal and abnormal testicular descent","volume":"8","author":"Wensing CJG","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oxf Rev Reprod Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000181051"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.10092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.10092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T18:14:12Z","timestamp":1696616052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.10092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.10092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.10092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-276X","1097-0185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-276X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}