{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:36:10Z","timestamp":1789706170917,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,27]],"date-time":"2005-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13786,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1967,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An attempt to survey spontaneous teratogeny among nonhuman primates bred under laboratory conditions revealed interesting but nonconclusive results. Data on controlled breeding in 2950 animals representing 12 species yielded an estimated incidence of 0.44% malformations. No indication was found that other primates display more malformations than man, and the limited information available suggests that there may be fewer spontaneous defects in nonhuman forms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Macaques and baboons appear to respond in a similar manner and to the same types of extrinsic agents as does man. Thalidomide, Rubella virus and androgenic hormones produce similar defects in comparable dosage at equivalent stages in development in both groups. Several other agents thought not to be teratogenic in man have been realistically tested in primates and also found to be non\u2010teratogenic.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Using thalidomide an attempt was made to determine the degree of sensitivity and delimit the susceptible period of <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic> to this drug. Typical limb malformations were obtained with a single dose of as little as 16 mg\/kg between the twenty\u2010fifth and thirtieth days of gestation. Comparable doses at earlier and later ages were without effect, thus defining the susceptible period. In addition, evidence of a positive dose\u2010response relation and of a cephalocaudal gradient in teratogenesis was obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091580111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T09:56:01Z","timestamp":1109411761000},"page":"99-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Congenital malformations in nonhuman primates: Spontaneous and experimentally induced"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"James G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Gavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)91917-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Delahunt C. S.1966bDiscussion of a paper by J. G. Wilson Food and Drug Administration Conference on Nonhuman Primate Toxicology Airlie House Virginia. (In preparation for publication as part of the proceedings of the Conference.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.146.3649.1300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Hendrickx A. G.1966Teratological findings in a baboon colony. Food and Drug Administration Conference on Nonhuman Primate Toxicology Airlie House Virginia. (In preparation for publication as part of the proceedings of the Conference.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Development of the macaque embryo","volume":"29","author":"Heuser C. H.","year":"1941","journal-title":"Carnegie Contrib. Embryol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"The monkey\u2010subject of medical and biological experiments","author":"Lapin B. A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Comparative pathology in monkeys","author":"Lapin B. A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Lenz W.1964Chemicals and malformations in man. In: Congenital Malformations. Papers and Discussions Presented at the Second International Conference. International Medical Congress New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Little W. A.Personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(64)80188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.14.5.505","article-title":"The incidence of congenital malformations: a study of 5,964 pregnancies","volume":"14","author":"McIntosh R.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Pediat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Pallotta A. J.Personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Congenital Malformations","author":"Rhodes A. J.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"965","article-title":"The occurrence and frequency of pathological and tetratological conditions and of twinning among non\u2010human primates","volume":"1","author":"Schultz A. H.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Primatologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Androgen\u2010induced female pseudohermaphroditism in the monkey (Macaca mulatta): anatomy of the reproductive organs","volume":"35","author":"Wells L. J.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Carnegie Contrib. Embryol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(64)90170-X","article-title":"Experimental production of genital lesions with norethin\u2010drone","volume":"89","author":"Wharton R.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am. J. Ob. and Gyn."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Congenital Malformations","author":"Wilson J. G.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic treatment with actinomycin D on pregnancy and the fetus in the rat","volume":"241","author":"Wilson J. G.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Harper Hosp. Bul."}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.1091580111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.1091580111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T10:14:29Z","timestamp":1699784069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.1091580111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1967,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1967,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.1091580111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1091580111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-276X","1097-0185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-276X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1967,5]]}}}