{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T12:08:35Z","timestamp":1759666115644},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7223,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have studied the distribution of anionic sites in the basal lamina of developing human amniotic epithelium by using the cationic stain ruthenium red. Amnions at 7\u201312 weeks of gestation and at term contained ruthenium redpositive granules in a quasi\u2010regular array on both the cellular and interstitial sides of the lamina densa. In order to characterize the anionic sites, small pieces of amnion were incubated in the presence or absence of either chondroitinase ABC, neuraminidase, <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> hyaluronidase, or heparitinase in appropriate buffer systems. Incubation in the presence of heparitinase resulted in the complete disappearance of the basal lamina\u2010associated granules, but other enzymes tested had no demonstrable effect on these granules. We conclude that the anionic sites associated with amnion basal lamina, and demonstrable with ruthenium red, consist of glycosaminoglycans rich in heparan sulfate, probably present as heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Because amniotic fluid has a low protein content and amniotic epithelium (at least at term) lacks tight junctions, we postulate that the heparan sulfate proteoglycan associated with the amnion basal lamina may have an important function as a permeability barrier to anionic macromolecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092120108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T23:30:26Z","timestamp":1109460626000},"page":"57-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Distribution and characterization of anionic sites in the basal lamina of developing human amniotic epithelium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Barry F.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Permeability of the amniotic membrane and its potential application for transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Akle C. 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