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They were observed with the naked eye in infected birds but not in normal chickens. In these latter the region of the caecal lamina propria corresponding to that in which the lymphoid aggregates were visible revealed a light infiltration by diffuse lymphoid tissue as well as a few germinal centers. The distal lymphoid nodules were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which are specific for chicken Ig\u2010containing cells, macophages, Ia\u2010like positive cells, and interdigitating cells, as well as a policlonal antiserum reactive with S\u2010100 protein to stain both interdigitating cells and follicular dendritic cells. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated the resemblance of these aggregates to the caecal tonsils, suggesting that they represent specialized mucosa\u2010associated lymphoid tissue that respond to antigens in the caecal lumen, their function being to enhance the mucosal defense provided by the caecal tonsils against antigens in the lumen of the caeca. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092370411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T19:16:32Z","timestamp":1109445392000},"page":"512-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of distal lymphoid nodules in the chicken caecum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Emilio","family":"del Cacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albina","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Studies on the lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium of the chicken. I. Ontogeny","volume":"80","author":"B\u00e4ck O.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.6.2626","article-title":"Gutassociated lymphoid tissue in the chicken. I. Morphology, ontogeny and some functional characteristics of Peyer's patches","volume":"125","author":"Befus A. D.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00224139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(84)90019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32396-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Cacho E. M.Gallego M.Galmes E.Lloret andJ. A.Bascuas1993Immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microsocpy study of dendritic cell in the caecal tonsil of chickens infected withEimeria tenella.Vet. Immunol. 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