{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:02:45Z","timestamp":1760644965975},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3770,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Certain species of bats possess two sets of submandibular glands, namely, principal and accessory. The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the accessory submandibular gland was examined in three species of long\u2010winged bats.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Specimens of <jats:italic>Miniopterus schreibersi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. Magnator<\/jats:italic> were live\u2010trapped in Thailand, and of <jats:italic>M. inflatus<\/jats:italic> were live\u2010trapped in Kenya. For electron microscopy, accessory submandibular lands were initially fixed in triple aldehyde\u2010DMSO, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and embedded in Epon\u2010Maraglas. A portion of the glands collected in Thailand (<jats:italic>M. schreibersi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>magnator<\/jats:italic>) was fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections of the latter material were subjected to a battery of histochemical tests for glycoconjugates.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Although in all three species the accessory submandibular glands have normal histological structure, the glands in two, <jats:italic>M. schreibersi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. magnator<\/jats:italic>, were distinguished by possessing mucous droplets of unusual morphology. These droplets, whose identity as mucous was confirmed by histochemical tests for glygoconjugates, are delimited by maniflod membranes: up to 10 in <jats:italic>M. Schreibersi<\/jats:italic> and fewer, but still multiple, in <jats:italic>M. magnator<\/jats:italic>. In both species, the entire array of surface membranes may fold inward in the fashion of mitochondiral cristae, forming packets of membranes, many of which have the spurious appearance of floating free in the droplet matirix. These multipartite limiting membranes appear to originate simply by Golgi saccules and moderately large, flattened Golgi vesicles repeatedly wrapping themselves around the surface of nascent mucous droplets. During exocytosis, the outermost membrane of each mucous droplet contacts the luminal membrane, this barrie ruptures, then the remainder of the droplet\u2014multiple membranes and matrix\u2014either flow into the lumen or are cast out in toto. In either case, a great deal of membrane phospholipid is added to the salivea. This salivary lipid may permit these bats to consume insects that normally are able to repel predators with chemical defenses that make them unpalatable. The thrid species that we studied, <jats:italic>M. inflatus<\/jats:italic>, has mucous droplets of normal appearance, i.e., they have only one limiting membrane.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The varying structure of mucous secretory products among the species of <jats:italic>Miniopterus<\/jats:italic> provides important clues as to the evolution of this genus as well as to the evolution of secretory cells in general. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092400205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T19:02:40Z","timestamp":1109444560000},"page":"178-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mucous droplets with multiple membranes in the accessory submandibular glands of long\u2010winged bats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Tandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carleton J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlin A.","family":"Pinkstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.41.3.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Biology of the Salivary Glands","author":"Ball W. 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