{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:52:35Z","timestamp":1790520755708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3770,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: The structure of nonregenerated and experimentally regenerated scales of the holostean fish <jats:italic>Lepisosteus oculatus<\/jats:italic> and the events taking place before and during ganoine depostition on the scale surface were studied. The aim of this study was to answer the question of the origin of the ganoine in lepisosteids, the scales of which are devoid of dentine, and to compare them to ganoine formation in polypterid scales and to enamel formation in teeth.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Two adult specimens were used and the scale structure was studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. Regeneration was used as an alternative to the lack of developmental stages and to induce ganoine deposition on the scale surface.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Nonregenerated scales are composed of a thick, avascular bony plate capped by ganoine that is covered either by the epidermis or by dermal elements. The ganoine surface is separated from the covering soft tissues by an unmineralized layer, the ganoine membrane. During the first 2 months of regeneration, the bony plate forms. It differs from the bony plate of nonregenerated scales only by its large, woven\u2010fibered central region and by the presence of numerous vascular canals. Shortly before ganoine deposition, the osteoblasts cease their activity and an epithelial sheet comes to contact them and spreads on the bony surface. This epithelial sheet is connected to the epidermis by a short epithelial bridge only and is composed of two layers: the inner ganoine epithelium (IGE), in contact with the bone surface and composed of juxtaposed columnar cells that synthesize the ganoine matrix, preganoine; the outer ganoine epithelium (OGE), composed of elongated cells, the surface of which is separted from the overlying dermal space by a basal lamina. Isolated patches of preganoine are deposited by the IGE cells in the upper part of the osteoid matrix of the scale. The interpenetrated preganoine and osteoid matrices constitute an anchorage zone, between ganoine and bone. Preganoine patches fuse and a continuous layer of preganoine is progressively synthesized by the IGE cells. Preganoine progressively mineralizes to become ganoine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The processes of ganoine formation are similar to those known for the ganoine in the polypterid scales and to those described for enamel deposition in teeth. Ganoine is enamel. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092400206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T19:02:40Z","timestamp":1109444560000},"page":"189-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Light and TEM study of nonregenerated and experimentally regenerated scales of <i>Lepisosteus oculatus<\/i> (holostei) with particular attention to ganoine formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Yves","family":"Sire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"La R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et les Probl\u00e8mes de la Morphogen\u00e8se","author":"Abeloos M.","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"188","author":"Agassiz L.","year":"1833","journal-title":"Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles. 1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-173X(84)80037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Cons\u00e9quences pal\u00e9obiog\u00e9ographiques et biostratigraphiques de l'identification d'\u00e9cailles gano\u00efdes du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieur et du Tertiaire inf\u00e9rieur d'Am\u00e9rique du Sud","volume":"125","author":"Gayet M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Docum. Lab. G\u00e9ol. Lyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092210102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology: Endocrinology, VII","author":"Glimcher M. J.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodrich E. S.1907On the scales of fish living and extinct and their importance in classification.Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 751\u2013774.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1907.tb06953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Principles of Regeneration","author":"Goss R. J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Histologische Studien am Ausserskelett fossiler Agnathen und fische","volume":"83","author":"Gross W.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontographica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3770-0","volume-title":"Cell Biology of extracellular Matrix","author":"Hay E. D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(74)80013-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ueber das Hautskelett der Fische","volume":"5","author":"Hertwig O.","year":"1879","journal-title":"Morph. Jahrb. Z. Anat. Entwick."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Mechanism of Tooth Enamel Formation","author":"Kawasaki K.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1952.tb06313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Zur Morphologie der Fischrippen und zur Geschichte der Hartsubstanzgewebe","volume":"21","author":"Klaatsch H.","year":"1890","journal-title":"Morph. Jahrb."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects of the Neural Crest","author":"Lumsden A. G. S.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.103.Supplement.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Recherches histologiques sur le squelette dermique des Polypteridae","volume":"121","author":"Meunier F. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Zool. Exp. G\u00e9n."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345690480052101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"The development of the scales of Lepidosteus","volume":"24","author":"Nickerson W. S.","year":"1893","journal-title":"Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Histologic studies of Placoderm and fossil Elasmobranchs. I. The endoskeleton, with remarks on the hard tissue of lower vertebrates in general","volume":"2","author":"\u00d8rvig T.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ark. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Structural and Chemical Organization of Teeth","author":"\u00d8rvig T.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Problems in Vertebrate Evolution","author":"\u00d8rvig T.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Microstructure and growth of the dermal skeleton in fossil Actinopterygian fishes: Birgeria and Scanilepis","volume":"7","author":"\u00d8rvig T.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Zool. Scripta"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1978.tb00596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051870204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Reissner E. W.1859Ueber die Schuppen vonPolypterusundLepidosteus.Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wiss. Medicine 254."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Problems in Vertebrate Evolution","author":"Schaeffer B.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1976.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001860308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854289X00192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052150305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1983.tb00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sire J. Y. andF. J.Meunier1994The canaliculi of Williamson in holostean bone (Osteichthyes Actinopterygii): A structural and ultrastructural study.Acta Zool.(in press).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1994.tb01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Participation des cellules \u00e9pidermiques \u00e0 la formation de la ganoine au cours de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration exp\u00e9rimentale des \u00e9cailles de Calamoichythys calabaricus (Smith, 1886) (Polypteridae, Ost\u00e9ichthyens)","volume":"303","author":"Sire J. Y.","year":"1986","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001800409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Recherches histologiques sur la structure des corps vert\u00e9braux des poissons T\u00e9l\u00e9ost\u00e9ens","volume":"2","author":"St\u00e9phan P.","year":"1900","journal-title":"Arch. Anat. Microsc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1849.0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Mise en \u00e9vidence ultrastructurale d'une couche organique entre l'\u00e9piderme et la ganoine du dermosquelette des Polypteridae","volume":"10","author":"Zylberberg L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.1092400206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.1092400206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T03:16:27Z","timestamp":1698117387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.1092400206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.1092400206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1092400206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-276X","1097-0185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-276X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}}}