{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:36:24Z","timestamp":1789634184536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,16]],"date-time":"2001-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":989971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat. Rec."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Palatal taste buds are intriguing partners in the mediation of taste behavior and their spatial distribution is functionally important for suckling behavior, especially in the neonatal life. Their prenatal development has not been previously elucidated in the rat, and the onset of their maturation remains rather controversial. We delineated the development and frequency distribution of the taste buds as well as the immunohistochemical expression of \u03b1\u2010gustducin, a G protein closely related to the transduction of taste stimuli, in the nasoincisor papilla (NIP) and soft palate (SP) from the embryonic day 17 (E17) till the postnatal day 70 (PN70). The main findings in the present study were the development of a substantial number of taste pores in the SP of fetal rats (60.3 \u00b1 1.7 out of 122.8 \u00b1 5.5; mean \u00b1 SD\/animal at E19) and NIP of neonatal rats (9.8 \u00b1 1.0 out of 44.8 \u00b1 2.2 at PN4). \u03b1\u2010gustducin\u2010like immunoreactivity (\u2010LI) was not expressed in the pored taste buds of either prenatal or newborn rats. The earliest expression of \u03b1\u2010gustducin\u2010LI was demonstrated at PN1 in the SP (1.5 \u00b1 0.5 cells\/taste bud; mean \u00b1 SD) and at PN4 in the NIP (1.4 \u00b1 0.5). By age the total counts of pored taste buds continuously increased and their morphological features became quite discernible. They became pear in shape, characterized by distinct pores, long subporal space, and longitudinally oriented cells. Around the second week, a remarkable transient decrease in the total number of taste buds was recorded in the oral epithelium of NIP and SP, which might be correlated with the changes of ingestive behaviors. The total counts of cells showing \u03b1\u2010gustducin\u2010LI per taste bud gradually increased till the end of our investigation (14.1 \u00b1 2.7 in NIP and 12.4 \u00b1 2.5 in SP at PN70). We conclude that substantial development of taste buds began prenatally in the SP, whereas most developed entirely postnatal in the NIP. The present study provides evidence that the existence of a taste pore which is considered an important criterion for the morphological maturation of taste buds is not enough for the onset of the taste transduction, which necessitates also mature taste cells. Moreover, the earlier maturation of palatal taste buds compared with the contiguous populations in the oral cavity evokes an evidence of their significant role in the transmission of gustatory information, especially in the early life of rat. Anat Rec 263:260\u2013268, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1030307911000},"page":"260-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development and maturation of taste buds of the palatal epithelium of the rat: Histological and immunohistochemical study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Ashraf","family":"El\u2010Sharaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsura","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kojiro","family":"Kurisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Wakisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-31-363-156"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902930409"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","series-title":"Progress in psychobiology and physiological psychology","first-page":"243","author":"Blass EM","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02852.1997","article-title":"Differential expression of \u03b1\u2010gustducin in taste bud populations of the rat and hamster","volume":"17","author":"Boughter JD","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"The development of the human taste bud during the fetal period","volume":"101","author":"Bradley RM","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Development of taste buds on the sheep soft palate","volume":"58","author":"Bradley RM","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711680404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077771"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Postnatal development and function of taste buds on the soft palate in the rat","volume":"4","author":"Harada S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn J Taste Smell Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.2.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00184-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01928657"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344330"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Ueber das Vorkommen vvon Geschmacksnospen im Ductus nasopalatinus der Ratte","volume":"63","author":"Kolmer W","year":"1927","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960205)365:2<278::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357563a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Food intake and chemical senses","author":"Miller IJ","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/7.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Third symposium on oral sensation and perception. 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