{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:38:32Z","timestamp":1760204312521,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]],"date-time":"2008-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lithium carbonate is used as a standard treatment for manic depression. While researchers have investigated the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate on embryos of various animals in later stages of development, very limited work has been done on the probability of effects at early stages of development. In this study, the teratogenic effect of lithium carbonate was investigated at earlier preimplantation through implantation stages of development of Balb\/C mouse embryos. A therapeutic dose (i.e., 300 mg\/kg b.w.) was injected into mice intraperitoneally on days 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 of pregnancy. Then, on day 15.5 of gestation, embryos were collected from the pregnant animals. Among the embryos, 71.7% were healthy, 10.7% resorbed, 3.1% showed lordosis, 8.1% were underdeveloped and 8.4% had eye malformations. Significant increases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the number of hepatic megakaryocytes and nucleated red cells were also observed among experimental embryos. Analysis of maternal serum proteins prepared from dissected animals showed a significant increase or decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in the levels of serum proteins albumin, \u03b12 globulin, \u03b2 globulin, and \u03b3 globulin. This research on early developmental stages suggests that pregnant mothers need to be aware of possible teratogenic effects at early stages of pregnancy, although it has been thought that the egg envelope can prevent teratogens from entering. In this case, mothers may need to stop lithium carbonate treatment before they make a decision to become pregnant. Anat Rec, 291:1088\u20131096, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]],"date-time":"2008-08-25T12:30:23Z","timestamp":1219667423000},"page":"1088-1096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Teratogenic Effect of Lithium Carbonate in Early Development of Balb\/C Mouse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Nokhbatolfoghahai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Parivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327106ht620oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Toxic effect of lithium salts on the pregnant rat and on the prenatal development of the fetus","volume":"46","author":"Allakhverdiev VD","year":"1983","journal-title":"Farmakol Toxikol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"The hematopoietic effects of lithium","volume":"20","author":"Boggs DR","year":"1983","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1988.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105.3.549","article-title":"Potentiation by the lithium ion of morphogenetic responses to a Xenopus inducing factor","volume":"105","author":"Cooke J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-006-0388-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19420197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206776389804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420410205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1980.00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420380202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(89)90207-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Is lithium a teratogen?","volume":"135","author":"Kucera V","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cas Lek Cesk"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(86)90153-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Toxic effects of lithium carbonate on chick embryos","volume":"37","author":"Manhas B","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1314424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate on development of mouse embryos","volume":"6","author":"Parivar K","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sci I Iran"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.1999.560601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"ScheinfeldNS FaadMD JD.2004. 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