{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:12:00Z","timestamp":1779120720357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A vertebral fragment of the Late Jurassic ornithopod dinosaur <jats:italic>Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki<\/jats:italic> from Tanzania is described. It consists of a hemivertebra that is co\u2010ossified with a complete vertebral centrum. The hemivertebra causes a hyperkyphotic posture of the vertebral column with an angle of approximately 35\u00b0 between the end plates of the vertebra, that is, a dorsal bending of the vertebral column. Associated with this is a 15\u00b0 lateral bending, which suggests a scoliosis. Micro\u2010CT scans reveal thickening of the cortical bone in the hemivertebra and the complete vertebral centrum as compared to a \u201cnormal\u201d vertebra. This can be interpreted as a reaction of the bone to the abnormal direction of forces arising from the defective configuration of the vertebral column. No signs of vertebral fracture are present. The arrangement of the <jats:italic>Foramina venosa<\/jats:italic> and the trapezoidal outline of the complete centrum that is co\u2010ossified with the hemivertebra indicate that the hemivertebra in <jats:italic>Dysalotosaurus<\/jats:italic> developed early in embryogenesis probably by \u201chemimetameric segmental shift\u201d, that is, a defect of the fusion of the paired vertebral anlagen. This finding illustrates that hemivertebrae represent a fundamental defect of the vertebrate ontogenetic program. Anat Rec, 291:1149\u20101155, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T16:46:15Z","timestamp":1212684375000},"page":"1149-1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Vertebral Pathology in an Ornithopod Dinosaur: A Hemivertebra in <i>Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki<\/i> from the Jurassic of Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Witzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Asbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Remes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Hampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Paulke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Palaeoecology and depositional environments of the Tendaguru Beds (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Tanzania)","volume":"5","author":"Aberhan M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Ein Lacertilier (Scincomorpha, Paramacellodidae) aus dem Oberen Jura von Tendaguru (Tansania)","volume":"2","author":"Broschinski A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauroidea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria","volume":"35","author":"Brown DS","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist), Geol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1995.10011209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1996.10011333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Etiology of congenital scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"Erol B","year":"2002","journal-title":"U Penn Orthopaed J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200411000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/268230a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02988144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"The cranial anatomy of Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and East Africa, with review of the hypsilophodontids from the Upper Jurassic of North America","volume":"17","author":"Galton PM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Geol Palaeontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020548010203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"First haramiyid (Mammalia, Allotheria) from the Mesozoic of Gondwana","volume":"2","author":"Heinrich W\u2010D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"The taphonomy of dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) based on field sketches of the German Tendaguru Expedition (1909\u20131913)","volume":"2","author":"Heinrich W\u2010D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"New records of Staffia aenigmatica (Mammalia, Allotheria, Haramiyida) from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru in southeastern Tanzania, East Africa","volume":"4","author":"Heinrich W\u2010D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Allostaffia, a new genus for Staffia Heinrich, 1999 (Allotheria, Haramiyida) preoccupied by Staffia Schubert, 1912 (Protista, Foraminifera)","volume":"7","author":"Heinrich W\u2010D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"The German\u2010Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000","volume":"4","author":"Heinrich W\u2010D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"458","article-title":"Eine halbseitige \u00fcberz\u00e4hlige Wirbelbildung bei einem Dinosaurier","volume":"1933","author":"Janensch W","year":"1934","journal-title":"Sitzungsber Ges Naturf Freunde Berlin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Der Ornithopode Dysalotosaurus der Tendaguruschichten","volume":"7","author":"Janensch W","year":"1955","journal-title":"Palaeontogr Abt A Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"19A","article-title":"An abnormal captorhinomorph vertebra from the Lower Permian of North\u2010Central Texas","volume":"8","author":"Johnson GD","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum, Part II. Containing the orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauropterygia","author":"Lydekker R","year":"1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264080-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511608377.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"510","volume-title":"The Dinosauria","author":"Norman DB","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"108A","article-title":"Comparative long bone histology and growth of some \u201chypsilophodontid\u201d dinosaurs","volume":"26","author":"Padian K","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Das angebliche Vorkommen und Wandern des Parietalforamens bei Dinosauriern","volume":"1920","author":"Pompeckj JF","year":"1920","journal-title":"Sitzungsber Ges Naturf Freunde Berlin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200610020-00016","article-title":"One\u2010stage posterior hemivertebral resection in the treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemimetameric shift","volume":"119","author":"Tian Y","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"On a pterosaur jaw from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)","volume":"2","author":"Unwin DM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mitt Mus Natkd Berlin, Geowiss Reihe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Atlas und Epistropheus bei den Schildkr\u00f6ten","volume":"1919","author":"Virchow H","year":"1919","journal-title":"Sitzungsber Ges Naturf Freunde Berlin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/402573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[1043:AHIATA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.12.3.280"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.20734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.20734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:47:36Z","timestamp":1759924056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.20734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.20734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.20734","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]]}}}