{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:59:35Z","timestamp":1773745175571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,16]],"date-time":"2008-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regional lymph node metastasis is one of the important indicators of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Newly formed lymphatic vessels are considered to provide a route whereby tumor cells can migrate to the lymph nodes. Both vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) \u2010C and \u2010D have been confirmed to participate in tumor lymphangiogenesis, but the prognostic significance of VEGF\u2010C, VEGF\u2010D, and lymphangiogenesis in cutaneous malignant melanoma remains controversial. To clarify the effects of these factors and to evaluate the relationships between lymphangiogenesis, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma, the expressions of VEGF\u2010C, VEGF\u2010D, and their receptor (VEGFR) \u20103 were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of both VEGF\u2010C and VEGF\u2010D proteins were concomitantly detected in the cytoplasm of the malignant cells. VEGF\u2010C and VEGF\u2010D expressions were associated with VEGFR\u20103 expression and were significantly correlated with both peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. The incidence of peritumoral lymphatic vessels was significantly higher in lymph node metastatic melanomas than that in nonmetastatic melanomas. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that VEGF\u2010C and VEGF\u2010D were independent prognostic factors for overall survival and disease\u2010free survival in patients with malignant melanoma. This study suggests that both VEGF\u2010C and VEGF\u2010D are involved in peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. VEGF\u2010C and VEGF\u2010D expression may be clinically useful indicators for prognostic evaluation in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Anat Rec, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,16]],"date-time":"2008-06-16T14:17:03Z","timestamp":1213625823000},"page":"1227-1235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Lymphangiogenesis and Its Relationship With Lymphatic Metastasis and Prognosis in Malignant 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