{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:01:35Z","timestamp":1782961295781,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]],"date-time":"2008-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>All\u2010trans retinoic acid (RA) is a potent modulator of lung development. Chorioamnionitis, which is frequently associated with preterm birth, causes fetal lung inflammation and improves lung function but also results in alveolar simplification and microvascular injury. Endotoxin\u2010mediated chorioamnionitis reduces RA concentration in the fetal lung to 16% of control values. We hypothesized that administration of RA to the fetus before induction of chorioamnionitis would preserve septation of the distal airspaces. Time\u2010mated ewes with singletons were assigned to receive a fetal intramuscular treatment with 20,000 IU of RA in olive oil (or olive oil only) 3 hr prior to intra\u2010amniotic injection of endotoxin (20 mg, E. coli 055:B5) or saline, at 124\u2010day gestational age and 7 days after the fetal treatment. The right cranial lung lobe was processed for morphometric analysis. RA treatment did not affect chorioamnionitis\u2010induced fetal and systemic inflammation or interleukin\u20108 concentrations in lung tissue. RA administration alone did not alter lung structure. Relative to control lungs (5 \u00b1 3 mL\/kg), lung volume increased similarly with endotoxin (22 \u00b1 4 mL\/kg) or RA plus endotoxin (20 \u00b1 3 mL\/kg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Alveolar wall thickness was 4.2 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcm after endotoxin\u2010induced chorioamnionitis, 6.0 \u00b1 0.4 \u03bcm in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 versus endotoxin) and 5.5 \u00b1 0.2 \u03bcm after RA and endotoxin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 versus control, n.s. versus endotoxin). The ratio of airspace versus tissue was 4.6 \u00b1 0.3 in endotoxin\u2010induced chorioamnionitis, 2.1 \u00b1 0.3 in controls and 4.1 \u00b1 0.5 after RA and endotoxin. We conclude that fetal treatment with RA did not prevent inflammation\u2010induced alveolar simplification. Anat Rec, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,25]],"date-time":"2008-08-25T11:58:48Z","timestamp":1219665528000},"page":"1271-1277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["All\u2010Trans Retinoic Acid and Intra\u2010Amniotic Endotoxin\u2010Mediated Effects on Fetal Sheep 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