{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:18:48Z","timestamp":1790615928192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies exploring the effects of climate on the nasal region have largely focused on external craniofacial linear parameters, using dry crania of modern human populations. This investigation augments traditional craniofacial morphometrics with internal linear and volumetric measures of the anatomic units comprising the nasal complex (i.e., internal nasal cavity depth, maxillary sinus volumes). The study focuses on macaques (i.e., <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>) living at high and low altitudes, rather than on humans, since the short residency of migratory human populations may preclude using them as reliable models to test the long\u2010term relationship of climate to nasal morphology. It is hypothesized that there will be significant differences in nasal complex morphology among macaques inhabiting different climates. This study integrated three different approaches: CT imaging, comparative anatomy, and morphometrics\u2014in an effort to better understand the morphological structure and adaptive nature of the nasal complex. Results showed statistically significant differences when subsets of splanchnocranial and neurocranial variables were regressed against total maxillary sinus volume for particular taxa. For example, basion\u2013hormion was significant for <jats:italic>M. fascicularis<\/jats:italic>, whereas choanal dimensions were significant only for <jats:italic>M. mulatta<\/jats:italic>. Both taxa revealed strong correlation between sinus volume and prosthion to staphylion distance, which essentially represents the length of the nasal cavity floor\u2014and is by extension an indicator of the air conditioning capacity of the nasal region. These results clearly show that climatic effects play a major role in shaping the anatomy of the nasal complex in closely related species. The major influence upon these differing structures appears to be related to respiratory\u2010related adaptations subserving differing climatic factors. In addition, the interdependence of the paranasal sinuses with other parts of the complex strongly indicates a functional role for them in nasal complex\/upper respiratory functions. Anat Rec, 291:1420\u20131445, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T16:07:46Z","timestamp":1224864466000},"page":"1420-1445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Climatic Effects on the Nasal Complex: A CT Imaging, Comparative Anatomical, and Morphometric Investigation of <i>Macaca mulatta<\/i> and <i>Macaca fascicularis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Laitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330600414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1991.tb01138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Methods for measuring the volume of the maxillary sinus in living man","volume":"12","author":"Aust R","year":"1974","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1969.33.2.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1411507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa","author":"Blumenbach JF","year":"1775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recherches sur l'indice nasal","volume":"1","author":"Broca P","year":"1872","journal-title":"Rev Anthrop"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/316788a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"BuiskstraJE UbelakerDH.1994.Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series. No. 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330260302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"The primate nasal fossa","volume":"5","author":"Cave AJE","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330560312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"Comparative morphometric analysis of primate chromosomes II. The chromosomes of the genera Macaca, Papio, Theropithecus and Cercocebus","volume":"5","author":"Chiarelli B","year":"1962","journal-title":"Caryologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Applied statistics and SAS programming language","author":"Cody RP","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/276067a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"The Macaques. Studies in ecology, behavior and evolution","author":"Cronin JE","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"A re\u2010survey of the morphology of the nose in relation to climate","volume":"62","author":"Davies A","year":"1932","journal-title":"J Roy Anthropol Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"The Macaques. Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution","author":"Delson E","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.143.3604.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report on primates collected in western Thailand, January\u2010April 1967","volume":"59","author":"Fooden J","year":"1971","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"The Macaques. Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution","author":"Fooden J","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic review of Southeast Asian Longtail Macaques, Macaca\n                  fascicularis (Raffles, [1821])","volume":"81","author":"Fooden J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative review of fascicularis\u2010group species of macaques (Primates: Macaca)","volume":"107","author":"Fooden J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330920409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(03)00062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330850406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Die Hohenstufenverteilung der nepalischen S\u00e4ugetiere","volume":"17","author":"Frick F","year":"1969","journal-title":"S\u00e4ugertierkd Mitt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Gebirgss\u00e4ugetiere: Eine Ubersicht","volume":"23","author":"Haltenorth T","year":"1975","journal-title":"S\u00e4ugertierkd Mitt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623391019004-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny and evolution of primates mitochondrial DNA","volume":"5","author":"Hayasaka K","year":"1988","journal-title":"Molecular Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"The Kanets of Kulu and Lahoul, Punjab: a study in contact\u2010metamorphism","volume":"32","author":"Holland TH","year":"1902","journal-title":"J Roy Anthropol Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"HrdlickaA.1910.Contributions to the anthropology of Central and Smith Sound Eskimos. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 5 part II."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"HylanderWL.1972.The adaptive significance of Eskimo craniofacial morphology. Ph.D. Dissertation The University of Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/327205a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"The relationship of the eruption of the permanent molar teeth to the expansion of the maxillary sinus","volume":"45","author":"Keith A","year":"1902","journal-title":"Brit J Dent Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century","author":"Kelves BH","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330370202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Asymmetry in maxillary sinus size of higher primates. Fifth International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology","volume":"232","author":"Koppe T","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Morph"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Die Tierwelt Ostafghanistans in ithren geographischen Beziehungen","volume":"13","author":"Kullmann E","year":"1970","journal-title":"Freunde Kolner Zoo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","series-title":"Olduvai Gorge 1951\u20131961 Fauna and background and the Cranium of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropus) bosei","author":"Leakey LBS","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The nasal cavity and direction of fluid by ciliary movement in Macacus rhesus (Desm.).","volume":"15","author":"Lucas AM","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","volume-title":"A primer","author":"Manly BFJ","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","volume-title":"Minimally invasive surgery of the head, neck, and cranial base","author":"M\u00e1rquez S","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511565540.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(2000)112:2<275::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","volume-title":"Old world monkeys","author":"Medway L","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.1360020103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","volume-title":"A survey of multivariate methods for systematics","author":"Neff N","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1957.03830280060007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","volume-title":"The comparative anatomy and physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses","author":"Negus V","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199703000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","volume-title":"Ancestors: The hard evidence","author":"Olson TR","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Species identification by chromosome analysis","volume":"14","author":"Pasztor LM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Primate News"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1971.35.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Paranasal pneumatization in extant and fossil Cercopithecoidea","volume":"54","author":"Rae TC","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.10072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1379939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","volume-title":"The mammals of pakistan","author":"Roberts TJ","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"\u2018Microsmatic\u2019 primates revisited: olfactory sensitivity in Squirrel monkeys and Pigtail macaques","volume":"72","author":"Seibt A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Folia Primatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330470209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","volume-title":"The principles and practices of statistics in biological research","author":"Sokal RR","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","series-title":"Development, growth and evolution: implications for the study of the hominid skeleton","first-page":"123","author":"Spoor F","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(79)90002-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2843753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","volume-title":"A L'Universite de Paris VI, Doctorat de 3\u00e8me cycle","author":"Tillier AM","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","volume-title":"L'anthropologie","author":"Topinard P","year":"1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","volume-title":"3\u2010D imaging in medicine","author":"Udupa JK","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"An inquiry into the anatomy and pathology of the maxillary sinus","volume":"44","author":"Underwood AS","year":"1910","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","volume-title":"Preliminary identification manual for mammals of South Vietnam","author":"Van Peenen PFD","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Evolutionary biology of the new world monkeys and continental drift","author":"Ward SC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8854-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1005610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330120412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(73)90077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330290315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.1-2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","series-title":"Hominid Cranial Remains","author":"Wood B","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.20785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.20785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:01:37Z","timestamp":1759939297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.20785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.20785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.20785","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]}}}