{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:46:18Z","timestamp":1775594778455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we present a detailed morphological description of the alligator (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) kidney and nephron. We present a series of histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical markers that clearly define the seven regions of the alligator nephron. The alligator kidney is composed of many paired (mirrored) lobules on each kidney (lobe). Single nephrons span the width of lobules three times. The fine structure of glomeruli, lying in rows spanning the height of the lobule, is resolved by periodic acid methionine silver (PAMS) and periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) histochemistry. Glomeruli are connected to the proximal tubule (PT) via a neck segment. The PT is alcian blue\u2010negative, making it distinct from the distal tubule (DT), connecting segment (CS), and collecting duct (CD). The PT is clearly identifiable by a PAS\u2010positive brush border membrane. The PT is connected to the DT via an intermediate segment (IS) that makes a 180\u00b0 turn to connect these tubules. PAMS\u2010positive material is found in the lumens of the PT, IS, and DT. Also, PAMS\u2010positive granules are found in the DT, CS, and CD. Immunolocalization of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase to the basolateral membrane of the DT, CS, and CD suggests a role of this enzyme in driving primary and secondary transport processes in these segments, including bicarbonate transport into the lumen of the DT (leading to an alkaline urine). Through the techniques described here, we have identified a series of distinct markers to be used by pathologists, veterinarians, and researchers to easily identify alligator nephron segments. Anat Rec, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T14:09:41Z","timestamp":1250258981000},"page":"1670-1676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile American Alligator (<i>Alligator mississippiensis<\/i>) Nephrons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"Brandon C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly 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