{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:34:25Z","timestamp":1759991665873,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,18]],"date-time":"2009-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histomorphology and estrogen \u03b1 (ER \u03b1), and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were evaluated in free\u2010ranging stranded male California sea lions (<jats:italic>Zalophus californianus<\/jats:italic>). Hormone receptor expression was evaluated using an immunohistochemical technique with monoclonal antibodies. Estrogen and PRs were identified in the efferent ductules, prostate gland, corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosium, penile urethra, and in the epithelium and stroma of both the penis and prepuce. In some tissues, ER \u03b1 expression was more intense in the stroma, emphasizing the importance of the stroma in hormone\u2010mediated growth and differentiation of reproductive organs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to localize ER \u03b1 and PR to the epithelium of the glans penis. The results of this investigation add to the general knowledge of male California sea lion reproduction and suggest that estrogens could have a role in the function of the male reproductive tract. 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