{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1791287131823,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,28]],"date-time":"2009-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many traits of the skull of ceratophryines are related to the capture of large prey independently of aquatic or terrestrial feeding. Herein, detailed descriptions of the development of hyoid skeleton and the anatomy of muscles responsible for hyoid and tongue movements in <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus laevis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. llanensis<\/jats:italic> are provided and compared with those of other neobatrachians. The aquatic <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus<\/jats:italic> has special features in its hyoid skeleton that integrates a set of derived features convergent with the conditions observed in non\u2010neobatrachian anurans and morphological novelties (e.g., dorsal dermal hyoid ossification) that deviate from the generalized pattern found in most frogs. Further, reduction of fibers of muscles of buccal floor, reduction or loss of hyoid muscles (m. geniohyoideus rama lateralis, anterior pair of m. petrohyoideus posteriores), small tongue, and simplified tongue muscles are also morphological deviations from the pattern of terrestrial ceratophryines, and other aquatic ceratophryids (e.g., <jats:italic>Telmatobius<\/jats:italic>) that seem to be related to feeding underwater. The historical derived features shared with <jats:italic>Chacophrys<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ceratophrys<\/jats:italic> involved in megalophagy are conserved in <jats:italic>Lepidobatrachus<\/jats:italic> and morphological changes in the hyoglossal apparatus define a unique functional complex among anurans. Anat Rec, 292:1700\u20131712, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T15:56:42Z","timestamp":1256831802000},"page":"1700-1712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Hyoid Skeleton, Its Related Muscles, and Morphological Novelties in the Frog <i>Lepidobatrachus<\/i> (Anura, Ceratophryidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"Marissa","family":"Fabrezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"A staining method for gross dissection of vertebrate muscles","volume":"130","author":"Bock WJ","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Variation in the hand and superficial throat musculature of neotropical leptodactylids frogs","volume":"54","author":"Burton TC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"CannatellaDC.1985.A phylogeny of primitive frogs (Archaeobatracians). 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