{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:51:47Z","timestamp":1789980707721,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The debate over the posture of early hominids is longstanding, perhaps because the absence of a reliable method for reconstructing the lumbar lordosis angle (LA) in early hominid spines has made it difficult to determine whether their posture resembled or differed from that of modern humans. We have developed a new model for predicting the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine of early hominids based on the relationship between the lordotic curvature and the orientation of the articular processes in the lumbar spines of living primates (modern humans and nonhuman primates). The orientation of the inferior articular processes explains 89% of the variation in lordotic curvature among living primates and, thus, should be a reliable predictor of the lumbar LA in disarticulated hominid spines. Based on this model, we calculated a LA of 25\u201326 degree angle for the Kebara 2 Neanderthal. The calculated value for Kebara 2 is below the normal range of lordosis for modern humans (30\u201379 degree angle). Anat Rec 293:1140\u20131145, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T10:40:00Z","timestamp":1269513600000},"page":"1140-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A New Model for Calculating the Lumbar Lordosis Angle in Early Hominids and in the Spine of the Neanderthal From Kebara"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Ella","family":"Been","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Marom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Aizenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Le Squelette Mousterian de Kebara 2","author":"Arensburg B","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Une s\u00e9pulture n\u00e9andertalien dans la grotte de K\u00e9bara (Isra\u00ebl)","volume":"300","author":"Arensburg B","year":"1985","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"L'Homme Fossile de La Chapelle\u2010aux\u2010Saints","volume":"6","author":"Boule M","year":"1911","journal-title":"Ann Paleont"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"CleuvenotE.1999.Courbures sagittales de la colonne vert\u00e9brale d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par la morphologie des vertebras. Ph.D. Dissertation Universite Bordeaux."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199507000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(87)90020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31806dd959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Spinal compensatory curvature found in Japanese macaques trained for the acquisition of bipedalism (in Japanese)","volume":"25","author":"Hayama S","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Growth"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Monkey performance: the development of bipedalism in trained Japanese monkeys","volume":"67","author":"Hayama S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Anat Nippon"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","article-title":"Neandertal lumbar lordosis and pelvic orientation","author":"Hilton CE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol Annual Meeting Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"146","volume-title":"The lesser apes","author":"Jungers WL","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112010-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199803150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10382-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.75.894.750536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(75)90087-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000152379.54463.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Primatologia 4","author":"Schultz AH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates","author":"Shapiro L","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"The Shanidar Neanderthals","author":"Trinkaus E","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/330159a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02043","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"87","author":"Vialle R","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10382-1_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"WardCV.1991.Functional anatomy of the lower back and pelvis of the Miocene hominoid Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano island Kenya. Ph.D. Dissertation John Hopkins University Baltimore."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0640-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06342"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.21145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.21145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:16:46Z","timestamp":1759933006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.21145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.21145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.21145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-8486","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]}}}