{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:03:36Z","timestamp":1759971816247,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex has been the subject of intense scrutiny because of the high frequency of congenital malformations. Numerous animal models have been used to document the early development of the craniofacial complex, but few studies have focused directly on the genetic underpinnings of normal variation in the human craniofacial complex. This study examines 80 quantitative traits derived from lateral cephalographs of 981 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. Quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines analytic platform, a maximum\u2010likelihood variance components method that incorporates all familial information for parameter estimation. Heritability estimates were significant and of moderate to high magnitude for all craniofacial traits. Additionally, significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for 10 traits from the three developmental components (basicranium, splanchnocranium, and neurocranium) of the craniofacial complex. These QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 12, and 14. This study of the genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex elucidates fundamental information of the genetic architecture of the craniofacial complex in humans. Anat Rec, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]],"date-time":"2011-02-15T19:14:30Z","timestamp":1297797270000},"page":"664-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Genome\u2010Wide Linkage Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing the Craniofacial Complex in Humans (<i>Homo sapiens sapiens<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Duren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Mahaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Blangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley A.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WM. Cameron","family":"Chumlea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger M.","family":"Siervogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey C.","family":"Choh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramzi W.","family":"Nahhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miryoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradford","family":"Towne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2005.01007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000157675.06850.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(01)42021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1999.5814"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010515)100:4<292::AID-AJMG1308>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.1.41","article-title":"Experimental analysis of the control of expression of the homeobox\u2010gene Msx\u20101 in the developing limb and face","volume":"119","author":"Brown JM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Facial growth","author":"Cohen MM","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Craniofacial Surgery: Science and Surgical Technique","author":"Cohen MM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0009-9163.2004.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380152a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"DykeB.1994.PEDSYS a pedigree data management system user's manual. Populations Genetics Laboratory Technical Report No 2 2nd ed. Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Gaussian models for genetic linkage analysis using complete high\u2010resolution maps of identity by descent","volume":"53","author":"Feingold E","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200305000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2006.15.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050469"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Modern morphometrics in physical anthropology","author":"Gunz P","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0694supp-246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01656"},{"volume-title":"Gorlin's Syndromes of the Head and Neck","year":"2010","author":"Hennekam RCM","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.21.4873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8861-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0404-473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9119-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1195-241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Elongation of the cranial base in girls during pubescence","volume":"42","author":"Lewis AB","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Cranial base elongation in boys during pubescence","volume":"44","author":"Lewis AB","year":"1974","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"The saddle angle: constancy or change?","volume":"47","author":"Lewis AB","year":"1977","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Growth of the mandible during pubescence","volume":"52","author":"Lewis AB","year":"1982","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pubertal spurts in cranial base and mandible. Comparisons within individuals","volume":"55","author":"Lewis AB","year":"1985","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200107000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001218)95:5<482::AID-AJMG14>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/433019a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"The geometry and architecture of craniofacial inheritance","volume":"138","author":"McNulty KP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Facial growth","author":"Merow WW","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002020211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1991.tb00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0695-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70049-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200201000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1186603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1537\/ase1911.90.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"The genetic map of craniofacial anomalies","volume":"7","author":"Olsen B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Harv Dent Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390100537"},{"volume-title":"Analysis of Human Genetic Linkage","year":"1988","author":"Ott J","key":"e_1_2_7_62_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2006.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","series-title":"Craniofacial Growth Series ed.","volume-title":"An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth: Cephalometric Standards from the University School Growth Study, The University of Michigan","author":"Riolo ML","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511661655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Symposium on Development of the Basicranium","author":"Roche AF","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345770560071501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235734100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Growth alteration in the pathological human fetus","volume":"14","author":"Sherwood RJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","article-title":"Dissecting the genetic architecture of craniofacial shape","author":"Sherwood RJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"First International Conference on Biological Shape"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","first-page":"849","article-title":"Pattern and process of growth of the abnormal human fetus","volume":"69","author":"Sherwood RJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1983.47.4.tb01661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb24836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.5.tb03416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","first-page":"1323","article-title":"Descent graphs in pedigree analysis: applications to haplotyping, location scores, and marker\u2010sharing statistics","volume":"58","author":"Sobel E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012156651-7\/50007-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082578dw"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632703764664666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359794a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.20491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.11.005"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.21337","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.21337","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:12:01Z","timestamp":1759943521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.21337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.21337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.21337","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1932-8486"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-8494"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,15]]}}}