{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:53:30Z","timestamp":1791050010811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Among primates, partial or complete posterior closure of the orbit has been widely accepted as a shared derived characteristic justifying an exclusive tarsier\u2010anthropoid clade, while some regard the tarsier lateral orbit as an elaborated postorbital bar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POB<\/jats:styled-content>). To test these competing hypotheses while minimizing the confounding effect of tarsier orbital hypertrophy, we compared tarsiers and other primates at early (fetal and newborn) ages using dissection, micro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> scans and soft tissue histology. Our findings demonstrate unanticipated variation in the anatomy and development of the zygomaticofrontal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZFA<\/jats:styled-content>) articulation, which forms the orbit's lateral framework. Tarsiers uniquely exhibit a combination of two features: absence of a pre\u2010 and peri\u2010natal frontal spur to join with the zygomatic to form the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZFA<\/jats:styled-content>; and, the spur's substitution by an elaborate ligament, which envelops the eye laterally as an expansive postorbital membrane (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POM<\/jats:styled-content>) that merges with the anterolateral fontanelle of the lateral cranial vault. In lacking a frontal spur, tarsiers are distinct from strepsirhines, while the ligamentous structure of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POM<\/jats:styled-content> distinguishes its <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZFA<\/jats:styled-content> from that of anthropoids, which is a typical facial suture at and prior to birth. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POM<\/jats:styled-content> of tarsiers may be thought of as an accessory fontanelle, a structural compromise that provides flexible stability and spatial separation of bones while anticipating rapid postnatal growth of an enormously enlarged eye. We regard the tarsier <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POM<\/jats:styled-content> as part of a neomorphic eyeball hypertrophy complex, and reject the hypothesis of derived homology of the postorbital septa of adult tarsiers and anthropoids on histological, developmental and functional grounds. Anat Rec, 296:365\u2013377, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T05:16:56Z","timestamp":1402291016000},"page":"365-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["At Birth, Tarsiers Lack a Postorbital Bar or Septum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie B.","family":"Deleon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred 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