{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:06:50Z","timestamp":1769728010495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,27]],"date-time":"2013-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the last century, the morphogenesis of the vertebral column has been considered as a highly conserved process among anurans. This statement is based on the study of few metamorphic taxa, ignoring the role of developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of specialized life\u2010histories. Direct development in anurans has been regarded as evolutionarily derived and involves developmental recapitulation and repatterning at different levels in all amphibian taxa studied so far. Herein, we analyze the vertebral column morphogenesis of the direct\u2010developing frog <jats:italic>Eleutherodactylus johnstonei,<\/jats:italic> describing the sequence of chondrification and ossification, based on cleared and double\u2010stained specimens from early stage embryos to adults. In general, our results show that the morphogenesis of the vertebral column in <jats:italic>E. johnstonei<\/jats:italic> recapitulates the ancestral tadpole\u2010like pattern of development. However, the analysis of the sequence of events using heterochrony plots shows important heterocronies relative to metamorphic species, such as a delay in the chondrification of the vertebral centra and in osteogenesis. These ontogenetic peculiarities may represent derived traits in direct\u2010developing frogs and are possibly correlated with its unusual life history. In addition, several features of the vertebral column of <jats:italic>E. johnstonei<\/jats:italic> are highly variable from its typical morphology. We report some malformations and small deviations, which do not seem to affect the survival of individuals. These anomalies have also been found in other frogs, and include many vertebral defects, such as vertebral fusion, and vertebral preclusion and\/or induction. Anat Rec, 296:00000\u2013#2013, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T05:23:48Z","timestamp":1402291428000},"page":"1019-1030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ontogeny of the Vertebral Column of <i>Eleutherodactylus johnstonei<\/i> (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) Reveals Heterochronies Relative to Metamorphic Frogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Fabio Leonardo","family":"Meza\u2010joya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colecci\u00f3n Herpetol\u00f3gica y Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Reproductiva de Vertebrados Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Industrial de Santander A.A. 678, Cra 27 calle 9 Bucaramanga Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Patricia","family":"Ramos\u2010pallares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colecci\u00f3n Herpetol\u00f3gica y Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Reproductiva de Vertebrados Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Industrial de Santander A.A. 678, Cra 27 calle 9 Bucaramanga Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha Patricia","family":"Ram\u00cdrez\u2010pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colecci\u00f3n Herpetol\u00f3gica y Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Reproductiva de Vertebrados Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Industrial de Santander A.A. 678, Cra 27 calle 9 Bucaramanga 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