{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:49:45Z","timestamp":1789559385535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]],"date-time":"2013-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some chemicals elicit innate emotionally laden behavioral responses. Pheromones mediate sexual attraction, parental care or agonistic confrontation, whereas predators' kairomones elicit defensive behaviors in their preys. This essay explores the hypothesis that the detection of these semiochemicals relies on highly specific olfactory and\/or vomeronasal receptors. The V1R, V2R, and formyl\u2010peptide vomeronasal receptors bind their ligands in highly specific and sensitive way, thus being good candidates for pheromone\u2010 or kairomone\u2010detectors (e.g., secreted and excreted proteins, peptides and lipophilic volatiles). The olfactory epithelium also expresses specific receptors, for example trace amine\u2010associated receptors (TAAR) and guanylyl cyclase receptors (GC\u2010D and other types), some of which bind kairomones and putative pheromones. However, most of the olfactory neurons express canonical olfactory receptors (ORs) that bind many ligands with different affinity, being not suitable for mediating responses to pheromones and kairomones. In this respect, trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is considered a fox\u2010derived kairomone for mice and rats, but it seems to be detected by canonical ORs. Therefore, we have reassessed the kairomonal nature of TMT by analyzing the behavioral responses of outbred (CD1) and inbred mice (C57BL\/J6) to TMT. Our results confirm that both mouse strains avoid TMT, which increases immobility in C57BL\/J6, but not CD1 mice. However, mice of both strains sniff at TMT throughout the test and show no trace of TMT\u2010induced contextual conditioning (immobility or avoidance). This suggests that TMT is not a kairomone but, similar to a loud noise, in high concentrations it induces aversion and stress as unspecific responses to a strong olfactory stimulation. Anat Rec, 296:1346\u20101363, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T05:18:41Z","timestamp":1402291121000},"page":"1346-1363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Of Pheromones and Kairomones: What Receptors Mediate Innate Emotional Responses?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Lluis","family":"Fortes\u2010Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori de Neuroanatomia Funcional Comparada, Department of Functional Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. Dr. Moliner, 50 46100 Burjassot Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Fac. Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. Dr. Moliner, 50 46100 Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Lanuza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori de Neuroanatomia Funcional Comparada, Department of Functional Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. Dr. Moliner, 50 46100 Burjassot Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Fac. Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. Dr. Moliner, 50 46100 Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Martinez\u2010Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori de Neuroanatomia Funcional Comparada, Department of Functional Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. Dr. Moliner, 50 46100 Burjassot Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Fac. Biology University of Val\u00e8ncia C. 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