{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:41:51Z","timestamp":1759945311315,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15HD064169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15HD064169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The zebrafish maxillary barbel can protract and retract in response to stimuli, and appears connected to a prominent blood sinus on the lateral aspect of the maxillary bone. However, the mechanism of barbel movement is not described. Using whole\u2010mount phalloidin staining of the sinus region, we observed long filamentous actin cables, suggesting highly organized vascular smooth muscle cells, surrounding an endothelial chamber. Although the chamber is variably filled by erythrocytes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, cardiac injection of fluorescent dextrans shows that it consistently contains plasma. Full\u2010thickness confocal imaging of dextran\u2010injected adults containing EGFP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> endothelial cells revealed a vascular complex with three compartments, here named the distal bulb, central chamber, and accessory chamber. The early ontogeny of all three compartments was confirmed in a whole\u2010mount series of <jats:italic>Tg<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>fli1a:EGFP<\/jats:italic>) juveniles. In wild type adults, the fine structure of each chamber was studied using paraffin\u2010 and plastic\u2010section histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The distal bulb and central chamber have smooth muscle coats with luminally\u2010elongated septa, forming semi\u2010detached blood\u2010filled lacunae. The central chamber walls and septa are extensively innervated by small, unmyelinated axons, as confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of acetylated tubulin, a component of axonal cytoplasm. The accessory chamber appears neither innervated nor muscularized, but is an endothelial cul\u2010de\u2010sac with a thickened elastic adventitia, suggesting an extensible fluid reservoir. We propose that we have identified a new organ in zebrafish, the maxillary barbel blood sinus, whose neurovascular specializations may contribute to zebrafish sensory biology and appendage control. 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