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The complicated structures of the nasal capsule follow a relatively conservative \u201cbauplan,\u201d which is normally easy to see in earlier fetal stages; especially in altricial taxa it differentiates well into postnatal life. As anteriormost part of the chondrocranium, the nasal capsule is at first cartilaginous. Most of it ossifies endochondrally, but \u201cappositional bone\u201d (\u201cZuwachsknochen\u201d) is also common. Many fetal structures become resorbed. Together, all surviving bone structures form the ethmoid bone, but cartilages of the external nose and of the vomeronasal complex can persist throughout life. We describe in detail the anatomy of <jats:italic>Daubentonia madagascariensis<\/jats:italic> based on a fetal stage (41 mm HL) and an adult skull was analyzed by \u00b5CT. We found that the nasal capsule of this species is by far the most complicated one of all extant Primates. We also describe older fetuses of <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> (35 and 63 mm HL) as representative of a derived primate. The most significant feature of man\u2014and probably of all anthropoids\u2014is the complete loss of the recessus frontoturbinalis and its associated structures. It can be demonstrated that the evolutionary reductions within the primate nasal capsule mainly affect those structures associated with olfaction, whereas cartilages that are important for the biomechanics of the facial skull of the fetus persist. Anat Rec, 297:1985\u20132006, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T17:59:33Z","timestamp":1413309573000},"page":"1985-2006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Morphology of the Nasal Capsule of Primates\u2014With Special Reference to <i><scp>D<\/scp>aubentonia<\/i> and <i><scp>H<\/scp>omo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Evolution und Oekologie Fachbereich Biologie der Universit\u00e4t Auf der Morgenstelle 28 D \u2010 772076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steinmann\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Geologie, Mineralogie und Pal\u00e4ontologie, Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn Nussallee 8 53115 Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Abteilung Pal\u00e4oanthropologie und Messelforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"On a revision of the ethmoid bone in the Mammalia, with special reference to the description of this bone and of the sense of smelling in the Cheiroptera","volume":"10","author":"Allen H","year":"1882","journal-title":"Bull Mus Comp Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0080456800034074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1926.tb01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90418-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02033767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20592"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1929.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"The develoment of the vertebrate skull","author":"Beer G","year":"1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1916.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"The primordial cranium of Erinaceus europaeus","volume":"52","author":"Fawcett E","year":"1918","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"The primordial cranium of Tatusia novemcincta as determined by sections and models of embryos od 12 mm and 17 mm C.R","volume":"55","author":"Fawcett E","year":"1921","journal-title":"length. 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