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Concomitant with these anatomical changes are functional changes including the evolution of echolocation in odontocetes, and reduction of olfaction in Neoceti (crown odontocetes and mysticetes). Anatomical and embryological development of the nose in crown cetaceans is reviewed as well as their functional implications. A sequence of evolutionary transformations of the nose is proposed in the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle made by whales. Basilosaurids and all later whales reduce the nasal turbinates. The next stage characterizes Neoceti which exhibit reduction of the major olfactory structures, i.e. the ethmoturbinates, cribriform plate and maxilloturbinates with further reduction and subsequent loss in odontocetes. These anatomical modifications reflect underlying genetic changes such as the reduction of olfactory receptor genes, although mysticetes retain some olfactory abilities. Modifications of the facial and nasal region of odontocetes reflect specialization for biosonar sound production. Anat Rec, 297:2205\u20132215, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T17:59:33Z","timestamp":1413309573000},"page":"2205-2215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Review of the Cetacean Nose: Form, Function, and Evolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Berta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric G.","family":"Ekdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted W.","family":"Cranford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.105.1.275","article-title":"Bony nares air pressure and nasal plug muscles activity during click production in the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, and the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus","volume":"105","author":"Amundin M","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404424"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/10-128.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"L'articulation temporomaxillaire chez les Cetaces","volume":"18","author":"Beauregard H","year":"1882","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","volume-title":"Marine mammals: Evolutionary biology","author":"Berta A","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","article-title":"Eyes, nose, hair and throat: external anatomy of the head of a neonate gray whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Eschrichtiidae)","author":"Berta A","journal-title":"Anat Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2011.607985"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"The surface features of the brain of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)","volume":"89","author":"Breathnach AS","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1960.tb01414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Walsch\u00e4dels III. 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