{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1761823715034,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interaction of nasal morphology and climatic conditions has resulted in diverse hard\u2010 and soft\u2010tissue configurations across human population groups. While the processes of skull pneumatization are not fully understood, the invasions of the paranasal sinuses [PNS] into the cranium have contributed to assorted morphologies. Human migratory patterns and the strong association with climatic variables through time and space may explain this diversity. This study examined four multiregional populations of which two are from Egypt but of widely divergent eras. Three Egyptian mummies [EG\u2010M] from the middle kingdom were CT scanned providing a unique opportunity to investigate the status of PNS anatomy within a time frame from 1567 BCE to 600 CE and compare it to a contemporary Egyptian [EG] (n\u2009=\u200912) population. Dry skulls of Inuit [IT] (n\u2009=\u200910) and East African [EA] (n\u2009=\u20098) provide out\u2010group comparisons, as one group represents an isolated geographic environment far different from that of Egypt and the other group inhabiting distinct environmental conditions albeit located within the same continent. Results showed EG\u2010M and EG frontal sinus volumes were diminutive in size with no statistically significant difference between them. Maxillary sinus size values of EG\u2010M and EG clustered together while IT and EA significantly differed from each other (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). The multiregional groups exhibited population specific morphologies in their PNS anatomy. Ecogeographic localities revealed anatomical differences among IT and EA, while the potential time span of about 3,500 years produced only a negligible difference between the Egyptian groups. The small sample sizes incorporated into this research requires confirmation of the results by analyses of larger samples from each geographic region and with the integration of a larger group of Egyptian mummified remains. Anat Rec, 298:1072\u20131084, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T02:03:58Z","timestamp":1432260238000},"page":"1072-1084","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>CT<\/scp> Examination of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses of Egyptian Mummies and Three Distinct Human Population Groups: Anthropological and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mowbray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anthropology American Museum of Natural History New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley N.","family":"Delman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Laitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York"},{"name":"Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York"},{"name":"New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP) New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"A new theory of physiology of the sinuses","volume":"58","author":"Alger LJ","year":"1943","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<111::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330760103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Human biology: An evolutionary and biocultural perspective. 2nd ed","author":"Beall CM","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001240202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"The physiology of the nose","volume":"53","author":"Bosworth FH.","year":"1888","journal-title":"Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330360603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die nebenh\u00f6hlen der menschlichen nase in ihre bedeutung f\u00fcr den mechanismus des eieches","volume":"2","author":"Braune W","year":"1877","journal-title":"Z Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"The skeletal biology of earlier human populations","author":"Brothwell DR","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2798956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330560312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20116"},{"volume-title":"Handbook to life in ancient Egypt. Revised Edition","year":"2003","author":"David R.","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Conversations with mummies: new light in the lives of ancient Egyptians","year":"2000","author":"David R","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(88)90026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Comparative study of the nasal sinuses in man and in animals","volume":"134","author":"Eckert\u2010Mobius A","year":"1933","journal-title":"Arch OhrenNasen\u2010U Kehlkopfh"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis for evaluating the profile nasal morphology in Egyptian adults","volume":"31","author":"El\u2010Hadidy M","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Surg (Egypt)"},{"volume-title":"The archaeological survey of Nubia: report for 1907\u20131908. Vol. II: report on human remains","year":"1910","author":"Elliot Smith G","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(03)00062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900120086014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330530209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600713475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<303::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna: an anthropological perspective","volume":"109","author":"Rothschild BM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.6.1781367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20976"},{"volume-title":"The mummy in ancient Egypt: equipping the dead for eternity","year":"1998","author":"Ikram S","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-2-8178-0422-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330370202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"The paranasal sinuses of higher primates: development, function and evolution","author":"Koppe T","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20785"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0265-1_1","volume-title":"Diseases of the sinuses: a comprehensive textbook of diagnosis and treatment","author":"M\u00e1rquez S","year":"2014"},{"volume-title":"Sataloff's comprehensive textbook of otolaryngology. Rhinology Volume","year":"2015","author":"M\u00e1rquez S","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00873.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890220045008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-2513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016485209136866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Introduction to the comparative anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses","volume":"15","author":"Negus VE","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100025585"},{"volume-title":"Applied physiology of the nose","year":"1941","author":"Proetz AW.","key":"e_1_2_7_48_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.10072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90001-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(200003\/04)10:2<153::AID-OA511>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Diagnostic paleoradiology of mummified tissue: interpretation and pitfalls","volume":"55","author":"R\u00fchli FJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Vergleichende studien \u00fcber die morphologie und den bau der schleimhaut der nasennebenh\u00f6hlen bei verschiedenen tieren (saugetieren, vogeln und amphibien.) Mitt a.d","volume":"22","author":"Sato C","year":"1938","journal-title":"Med Akad Zu Kioto"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000200105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1943.tb44655.x"},{"volume-title":"An atlas of imaging of the paranasal sinuses","year":"1994","author":"Shankar L","key":"e_1_2_7_61_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330470209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Development, growth and evolution: implications for the study of the hominid skeleton","author":"Spoor F","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"History of rhinology: anatomy of the paranasal sinuses","volume":"27","author":"Stammberger H","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(04)00343-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Some historical aspects of the surgical treatment of the infected maxillary sinus","volume":"29","author":"Tang RA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"volume-title":"Paleontology: a brief history of life","year":"2010","author":"Tattersall I.","key":"e_1_2_7_67_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2843753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330120412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft\u2010tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity","volume":"3","author":"Witmer L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Vert Paleo Mem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221504772784504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20893"}],"container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Far.23159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ar.23159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:36:13Z","timestamp":1759952173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ar.23159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ar.23159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-8486","1932-8494"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1932-8486"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-8494"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]}}}