{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T02:49:05Z","timestamp":1788749345638,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Anatomical Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motivated by the work of palaeo\u2010art \u201cDouble Death (2011),\u201d a biomechanical analysis using three\u2010dimensional digital models was conducted to assess the potential of a pair of the large, Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaur <jats:italic>Carcharodontosaurus saharicus<\/jats:italic> to successfully lift a medium\u2010sized sauropod and not lose balance. <jats:italic>Limaysaurus tessonei<\/jats:italic> from the Late Cretaceous of South America was chosen as the sauropod as it is more completely known, but closely related to the rebbachisaurid sauropods found in the same deposits with <jats:italic>C. saharicus<\/jats:italic>. The body models incorporate the details of the low\u2010density regions associated with lungs, systems of air sacs, and pneumatized axial skeletal regions. These details, along with the surface meshes of the models, were used to estimate the body masses and centers of mass of the two animals. It was found that a 6 t <jats:italic>C. saharicus<\/jats:italic> could successfully lift a mass of 2.5 t and not lose balance as the combined center of mass of the body and the load in the jaws would still be over the feet. However, the neck muscles were found to only be capable of producing enough force to hold up the head with an added mass of 424 kg held at the midpoint of the maxillary tooth row. The jaw adductor muscles were more powerful, and could have held a load of 512 kg. The more limiting neck constraint leads to the conclusion that two, adult <jats:italic>C. saharicus<\/jats:italic> could successfully lift a <jats:italic>L. tessonei<\/jats:italic> with a maximum body mass of 850 kg and a body length of 8.3 m. Anat Rec, 298:1367\u20131375, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T06:56:48Z","timestamp":1429253808000},"page":"1367-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Balance and Strength\u2014Estimating the Maximum Prey\u2010Lifting Potential of the Large Predatory Dinosaur <i>Carcharodontosaurus saharicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Drumheller AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kingswood Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Factors of safety in the structure of animals","volume":"67","author":"Alexander RM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1231","article-title":"All\u2010time giants: the largest animals and their problems","volume":"4","author":"Alexander RM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724630903409329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3889334","article-title":"Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insight from a nearly complete skeleton and high\u2010resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull","volume":"7","author":"Brochu C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Vertebr Paleontol Mem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[902:ANSOCD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.25353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"The dinosaur hunters: a true story of scientific rivalry and the discovery of the prehistoric world","author":"Cadbury D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Rebbachisaurus tessonei sp. 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