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The localization and distribution of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), somatolactin (SL), \u03b2\u2010luteinizing hormone (\u03b2\u2010LH), and \u03b2\u2010follicle stimulating hormone (\u03b2\u2010FSH) immunoreactive (\u2010ir) cells in the adenohypophysis was studied by immunohistochemical and Western blot methods. In addition, cellular morphometric analyses and semi\u2010quantification of ir\u2010cells optical density (OD) during the annual reproductive cycle and after artificial induced spawning (AIS) were performed. Results showed that the distribution and general localization of pituitary cell types were similar to that of other teleost species. However, the morphometrical study of adenohypophysial cells showed differences along the reproductive cycle and following AIS. In general, females at the vitellogenic stage presented greater OD values for GH, PRL and SL than at other maturation stages (previtellogenic and regression stages), probably indicating an increased cellular activity during this stage. Conversely, \u03b2\u2010LH OD did not vary during the annual reproductive cycle. After AIS, \u03b2\u2010LH, SL and GH ir\u2010cells showed an increase in OD values suggesting a possible involvement on oocyte final maturation, ovulation and spawning or a feedback control on the brain\u2010pituitary\u2010gonads axis. Reproductive dysfunction in <jats:italic>S. parahybae<\/jats:italic> females in captivity may be due to alteration of the synthesis pathways of \u03b2\u2010LH. In addition, GH family of hormones could modulate associated mechanisms that influence the reproductive status in this species. Anat Rec, 298:1644\u20131658, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1431942788000},"page":"1644-1658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gonadotropins and Growth Hormone Family Characterization in an Endangered Siluriform Species, <i>Steindachneridion parahybae<\/i> (Pimelodidae): Relationship With Annual Reproductive Cycle and Induced Spawning in Captivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Renato Massaaki","family":"Honji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Fisiologia, Instituto De Bioci\u00eancias Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Do Mat\u00e3o Travessa 14, 321 S\u00e3o Paulo 05508\u2010090 SP Brasil"},{"name":"Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biolog\u00eda Experimental Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires &amp; IBBEA, CONICET\u2010UBA. Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Caneppele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companhia Energ\u00e9tica De S\u00e3o Paulo (CESP) Unidade De Hidrobiologia E Aquicultura Rodovia Dos Tamoios, Km 38 12260\u2010000 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias","family":"Pandolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biolog\u00eda Experimental Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires &amp; IBBEA, CONICET\u2010UBA. 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Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Fisiologia, Instituto De Bioci\u00eancias Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Do Mat\u00e3o Travessa 14, 321 S\u00e3o Paulo 05508\u2010090 SP Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Fish endocrinology","author":"Agulleiro B","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(86)90192-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"1976 Livraria Editora Ltda S\u00e3o Paulo OA Behmer EMC Tolosa AGF. 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The brain\u2010pituitary axis structure in captivity reared females ofSteindachneridion parahybae(Siluriformes). In: Proceeding of the 9th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish. Vol. 4: p 30\u201331.","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2011\/v4is.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"HonjiRM CaneppeleD PandolfiM MoreiraRG.2012b. Studies on the brain\u2010pituitary\u2010ovaries axis ofSteindachneridion parahybae(Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) females when reproductive migration is blocked. In: 7th International Symposium on Fish Endocrinology. Vol. 1: p 161."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-008-9239-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-62252012005000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"HonjiRM.2011. 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