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The etiology of SS disease progression is poorly understood as it is typically not diagnosed until late stage. Since mouse models allow the study of disease progression, we investigated the NOD\/ShiLtJ mouse to explore temporal changes to the salivary epithelium. In the NOD\/ShiLtJ model, SS presents secondary to autoimmune diabetes, and SS disease is reportedly fully established by 20 weeks. We compared epithelial morphology in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of NOD\/ShiLtJ mice with SMGs from the parental strain at 12, 18, and 22 weeks of age and used immunofluorescence to detect epithelial proteins, including the acinar marker, aquaporin 5, ductal cell marker, cytokeratin 7, myoepithelial cell marker, smooth muscle \u03b1\u2010actin, and the basal cell marker, cytokeratin 5, while confirming immune infiltrates with CD45R. We also compared these proteins in the labial salivary glands of human SS patients with control tissues. In the NOD\/ShiLtJ SMG, regions of lymphocytic infiltrates were not associated with widespread epithelial tissue degradation; however, there was a decrease in the area of the gland occupied by secretory epithelial cells in favor of ductal epithelial cells. We observed an expansion of cells expressing cytokeratin 5 within the ducts and within the smooth muscle \u03b1\u2010actin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> basal myoepithelial population. The altered acinar\/ductal ratio within the NOD\/ShiLtJ SMG likely contributes to salivary hypofunction, while the expansion of cytokeratin 5 positive\u2010basal cells may reflect loss of function or indicate a regenerative response. Anat Rec, 298:1622\u20131634, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T02:21:17Z","timestamp":1437013277000},"page":"1622-1634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Changes in the Submandibular Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Subpopulations During Progression of <scp>S<\/scp>j\u00f6gren's Syndrome\u2010Like Disease in the <scp>NOD<\/scp>\/<scp>S<\/scp>hi<scp>L<\/scp>t<scp>J<\/scp> Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Elise M.","family":"Gervais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York, University at Albany Albany New York"},{"name":"Molecular Cellular Developmental and Neural Biology Graduate Program State University of New York, University at Albany Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara A.","family":"Desantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York, University at Albany Albany New York"},{"name":"Molecular Cellular Developmental and Neural Biology Graduate Program State University of New York, University at Albany Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Pagendarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York, University at Albany Albany New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York, University at Albany Albany New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone","family":"Enger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrine","family":"Skarstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Section for Pathology, University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janicke","family":"Liaaen Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York, University at Albany Albany New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06900-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0588-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Labial salivary gland biopsy in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: assessment as a diagnostic criterion in 362 suspected cases","volume":"30","author":"Daniels TE.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.3.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.24.3.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.883920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300136110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.536164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.1.G247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HolmbergKV HoffmanMP.2014. 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